Infectious Diseases
What term is used to describes any organism or microscopic agent that can cause a disease?
Pathogen
Non-infectious diseases cannot be caught from another person because they are not caused by what?
Pathogens
What is the largest organ of the human body acts as a physical barrier to keep pathogens out?
The skin
TRUE or FALSE: Mucous membranes are part of the second line of defence.
FALSE
What are the Y-shaped proteins are custom-made by B cells to bind to and neutralize specific pathogens?
Antibodies
Unlike viruses, which single-celled, living microorganisms can be successfully treated with antibiotics?
Bacteria
What is the term that describes on-infectious conditions that are inherited from parents e.g. hemophilia
Genetic disease
What is the sticky fluid that traps dust and pathogens in the respiratory tract before they can reach the lungs?
Mucous
What process occurs when area tissues swell, turn red, and heat up to bring more white blood cells to an infection site?
Inflammation
What are the unique chemical markers or "flags" on the surface of a pathogen that trigger a specific immune response called?
A: Pathogen flags B: Antigens
C: Antibodies D: Markers
B: Antigens
What non-living pathogen consists of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat and must hijack a host cell to reproduce?
Virus
Scurvy (caused by a lack of Vitamin C) and Rickets (lack of Vitamin D) are classified as what type of non-infectious disease?
Nutritional disease
What is the highly acidic liquid in the digestive system destroys most pathogens swallowed with food?
Stomach acid
What is it called when the body deliberately raises its internal temperature to this state to slow down the reproduction of pathogens?
Fever
What white blood cell matures in the thymus and directly destroys infected body cells marked with antibodies?
T cells
Ringworm and Athlete's Foot are skin infections caused by what specific group of organisms, which prefer warm, damp environments?
Fungi
What lifestyle-related, non-infectious disease involves the body becoming resistant to insulin, often linked to diet and lack of exercise?
Type II diabetes
What are the microscopic, hair-like structures in the airways sweep trapped pathogens up and out of the body?
Cilia
What is the name of the white blood cell that "eats" and digests foreign invaders in a process called phagocytosis?
Phagocytes
What are the long-lived cells that "remember" a pathogen after an infection, allowing the body to fight it off much faster if it returns?
Memory B cells
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a single-celled organism that belongs to what specific kingdom of eukaryotic microbes?
Protists
What non-infectious, chronic condition causes the airways to narrow, swell, and produce extra mucous, making it difficult to breathe?
Asthma
What chemical enzyme, found in tears and saliva, fights off bacteria by breaking down their cell walls?
Lysozyme
Because the second line of defence attacks any invading pathogen the exact same way, it is given this descriptive term.
Non-specific
Unlike the first two lines of defence, the third line is called "adaptive" or "specific" for what main reason?
It targets specific pathogens and creates long-term immunity