Fiqh
The 2 primary sources for Fiqh and Shariah?
Quran and Sunnah
In which blessed city was Prophet Muhammad ﷺ born?
Makkah.
How many Raka's must a Muslim perform throughout the day and night?
17
Which prophet known to us came before Prophet Muhammad (SAW)?
Isa (AS)
In the Arabic language, words are categorized into only three parts of speech. What are they?
Ism (Noun/Pronoun/Adjective), Fi'l (Verb), and Harf (Particle).
What is the Arabic term for the state of minor ritual impurity that must be removed by performing Wudu (ablution)?
Hadath Asghar
What is the name of the historic migration of the Prophet ﷺ and his companions from Makkah to Madinah, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar?
The Hijrah.
What is the name of the official call to prayer chanted to announce that the time for a prayer has entered?
The Adhan.
Which Prophet was given the miracle of parting the Red Sea with his staff to save his people from Pharaoh?
Musa (AS)
What is the term for the linguistic rule where a short vowel (Harakah) at the end of a word changes depending on its grammatical role in a sentence, and what is its opposite (words that never change their endings)?
The system of change is called I'rab (Declinable/Flexible), and its opposite is Bina' (Inflexible/Indeclinable).
In Islamic law, actions are classified into five categories (Al-Ahkam al-Khamsah). What is the term for an action that is disliked but not strictly forbidden?
Makruh
What was the name of the treaty signed in 628 CE between the Muslims of Madinah and the Quraysh tribe of Makkah, establishing a 10-year peace?
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
If a person cannot find water, or is too ill to use it, what is the name of the dry ablution performed using clean earth or sand?
Tayammum.
Which nation came first, Aad or Thamud?
Aad
In Arabic grammar, what is the syntactic term for a noun in the genitive case that is possessed by another noun (e.g., "The Book of Allah" - Kitabu Allah), and what are the two parts of this construction called?
The construction is called Idhafah. The possessed noun is the Mudhaf, and the possessor is the Mudhaf Ilayh.
What is the term for the process of legal reasoning or independent analytical deduction used by an Islamic scholar to find a legal solution to a new issue?
Ijtihad.
What was the title of the Christian King of Abyssinia (Axum) who graciously granted political refuge to the early Muslims fleeing persecution in Makkah?
An-Najashi (The Negus)
What are the extra, highly recommended Sunnah prayers called that the Prophet ﷺ regularly prayed directly before or after the obligatory prayers?
Sunnah Mu'akkadah (or Rawatib prayers).
How many times does the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)'s name appear in the quran?
4 times.
In Arabic grammar, nouns change their endings based on their grammatical state. What are the Arabic terms for the three states of Nominative, Accusative, and Genitive?
Marfoo' (Raf'), Mansoub (Nasb), and Majroor (Jarr).
In Fiqh, what is the difference between Fard 'Ayn and Fard Kifayah?
Fard 'Ayn is an individual obligation upon every Muslim (like the five daily prayers). Fard Kifayah is a collective obligation; if a sufficient number of community members perform it (like the Janazah/funeral prayer), the obligation is lifted from the rest of the community.
In what Islamic year (AH) did the Conquest of Makkah (Fath Makkah) take place, and how did the Prophet ﷺ treat his former enemies upon entering the city?
It took place in 8 AH. The Prophet ﷺ unconditionally forgave them, declaring general amnesty.
What is the Arabic term for the two prostrations of forgetfulness performed near the end of a prayer to make up for an unintentional addition, omission, or doubt?
Sujud as-Sahw.
Which Prophet is mentioned the most times by name in the Holy Qur'an?
Prophet Musa (Moses)—mentioned 136 times.
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