Dumping Syndrome
What is Dumping Syndrome?
occurs when food and/or liquids “dump” from the stomach into the small intestines too quickly
There is no cure for Celiac Disease. What is the key to managing this disease?
Following a strict gluten-free diet
Name 3 manifestations of Lactose intolerance
Manifestations include: abdominal distention, cramping, flatus, and osmotic diarrhea.
What is cirrhosis?
extensive irreversible scarring of the liver
What is Epoetin alfa?
Administered to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients, this erythropoietin-stimulating agent is used to treat anemia because failing kidneys no longer produce the hormone required to stimulate red blood cell production
Whats the time line for early manifestations and late manifestations.
early is 10-20 mins after eating
late is 1-3 hours after eating
Gluten is commonly found in
wheat, barley, rye, malt and other grains
Because patients must limit or avoid dairy, the nurse must monitor them for deficiencies in these two nutrients to prevent the development of osteoporosis.
Vitamin D and Calcium
What is asterixis? When do you see this?
involves a coarse, flapping tremor of the hands when the arms are extended. A hallmark neurological sign of advanced cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
For a patient experiencing acute or chronic urinary retention, this cholinergic medication is used to stimulate the nerves of the bladder to produce a contraction and initiate voiding
Bethanechol
What type of meals should be consumed
Small frequent meals
List three manifestations of celiac disease
1. Diarrhea
2. Abdominal pain
3. Anemia
other appropriate answeres: flatulence, weight loss, abdominal distention, steatorrhea
A nurse should teach a patient that this specific dairy product is often better tolerated than lactase preparations because its "active cultures" help with intestinal digestion.
yogurt
This life-threatening complication occurs when the scarred liver is unable to convert ammonia into urea, allowing neurotoxic ammonia levels to rise and cross the blood-brain barrier
hepatic encephalopathy
Essential for patients with chronic pancreatitis, this medication must be taken with every single meal and snack
Pancrelipase
What should be monitored due to to the rapid rise in blood glucose and increase in insulin levels immediately following the intestines being emptied.
hypoglycemia
What is steatorrhea?
fatty stool
While avoiding dairy is the primary treatment, the nurse should instruct a patient using commercial lactase enzyme tablets that for the medication to be effective, it must be ingested at this precise moment
first bite of food
To treat hepatic encephalopathy, the nurse must administer this specific medication
lactulose
When a patient is receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) via a central line, these are the two most common medications that the pharmacy may mix directly into the bag to manage blood sugar and prevent line clotting
Insulin and Heparin
What vitamins and mineral defiencies are suspected?
Iron and Vitamin B12
what defiency should a nurse monitor for? hoe does it look?
Vitamin K defiency which manifests as bleeding and bruising, because the intestinal damage prevents the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
What are lactase enzyme supplements?
ex: lactaid
chemically breaking down "milk sugar" into the two simple sugars glucose and galactose, a process the patient's body cannot perform on its own due to an insufficient enzyme supply
This specialized surgical intervention is used to treat portal hypertension by placing a shunt between the systemic and portal venous systems to redirect blood flow, thereby reducing the risk of esophageal varices and persistent ascites.
TIPS
(trans-jugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunt)
In the preoperative phase, this specific class of medication is administered to reduce oral and respiratory secretions to prevent aspiration while the patient is under anesthesia
anticholinergics