Elimination
How many liters of blood pass through the kidney’s each day?
roughly 180 L
True or False: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions can be local or systemic
True
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death at the end of a normal cell cycle
What Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) value signifies that a patient is CRITICAL & at risk for infection?
below 500
Name the 4 drug classes used to treat RA
Analgesics/NSAIDS, Steroids, DMARDs, Biologics
Name the 4 waste products in urine.
Urea, Uric acid, Ammonia, Creatinine
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
Name the cancer type….
Tissue of origin: plasma cells & immunoglobulins
Myeloma
What lab finding suggests AIDS?
CD4 falls < 200
Monitor for GI bleeds & nephrotoxicity with which mediation class?
NSAIDs
What all is included in a BMP?
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, BUN, Creatinine, CO2, and Glucose
What is a contraindication of immunosuppressive therapy?
Live vaccines
True or False: Enteral nutrition is given via central access
False
Name the 3 lab values that will be elevated in the 3rd phase of an AKI
potassium, creatinine, BUN
What medication do you give an Rh Negative mother if the baby is Rh Positive?
RhoGAM
What is the difference between an AV fistula & AV graft?
Fistula: surgeon joins artery & vein, takes 3 months to mature, should hear a “thrill” when auscultating
Graft: plastic conduit, used when veins won‘t support fistula, more prone to infection & rejection
Name 3 symptoms that a patient should report to their HCP if they have HIV/AIDS?
New cough, Increased fatigue, Temp <97 or >102, New headache, New visual blurring, Change in mental status, New skin lesions, New onset diarrhea, Weight loss > 10% of previous weight
Name the Oncologic emergency:
Key sign: Dyspnea WITH STRIDOR is most common
Tracheobronchial Obstruction
Positive BRCA1 & BRCA2 increase the risks of what 3 cancers?
Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic
What medications are the cause of interstitial nephritis?
NSAIDs, PPIs, and antibiotics
What are the 3 categories & 4 phases of an AKI?
Catagories: Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal
Phases: Initiation, Oliguria, Diuresis, Recovery
How often is a CD4 count checked after Dx?
every 3-6 months for the first 2 years, then annually. Guides ART
What is Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)?
Photosensitizing agent + dye given IV; 48-72 hours later, a laser light triggers a reaction killing cells. (For small tumors near the body surface; e.g., esophagus)
What is the term for an expected drop in ALL blood counts (RBC, WBC, and platelets)?
Pancytopenia
What medications treat Nephrosclerosis?
Combination hypertensives: ACE inhibitors & ARBs