F&E Imbalance
Total body water makes up 75% of body weight in infants compared to 50-60% in adults
What is Total Body Water
Water and sodium are lost in equal proportions. Fluid is lost mainly from ECF.
What is isotonic (Isonatremic) dehydration.
Use an oral rehydration solution (ORS) such as Pedilyte.
What is the first line treatment.
The single most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in pediatric patients.
What is daily weights.
What is metabolic acidosis?
About 40% of an infant's body weight is in the ECF compartment which is lost far more rapidly during illness.
What is expanded extracellular fluid
The electrolyte loss exceeds the water.
What is hypotonic dehydration.
Indicated for severe dehydration, hpovolemic shock, intractable vomiting or failure of ORS.
What is parental (IV) fluid therapy.
Weigh diapers and measure all oral/IV fluid intake.
What is strict intake and output.
Driven by loss of gastric contents as in severe vomiting.
What is metabolic alkalosis.
What is greater body surface area (BSA)
Severe fluid loss from diarrhea. Fluid shifts from ECF to ICF.
What is hponatremic.
What is the Emergent Phase of Initial Resuscitation.
What should an hourly urine be for a child? (toddler, pre-school, school age)
What is 1 ml/kg/hr.
Driven by hyupoventialation (asthma, cystic fibrosis, respiratory depression).
What is respiratory acidosis
Increased metabolic demands produce more metaoblic wastes and require higher water turnover.
What is higher metabolic rate.
Water loss exceeds electrolyte loss. Fluid shifts from ICF to ECF.
What is Hypertonic dehydration.
Replaces deficits and meets daily requirements calculated using body weight over 24 hours.
What is the maintenance and replacement phase.
What is a definite sign of dehydration in an infant?
What is sunken vital signs
A low blood pH and a buildup of carbon dioxide. It happens when your lungs cannot breathe out enough carbon dioxide due to poor airflow or slow breathing
What is respiratory acidosis?
GFR and tubular absorption are immature in infants. Their kidneys cannot concentrate urine, conserve sodium, or reabsorb water when dehydrated.
What is an immature renal function?
Depends on metabolic rate. Replaces usual body loss of fluids and electrolytes.
What is maintenance fluid requirement.
Caused by water retention, sweating or inapporpriate fluid replacement. Presents with lethargy, HA, confusion, seizures, and muscle cramps.
What is hyponatremia.
If a child has extemely low or high potassum, what is the best tool to use to see this?
What is an EKG?
Caused by diarrhea, vomiting or diuretics. Prsents with muscle weakness, abdominal distension, hypotonia, cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is hypokalemia?