Fast & Fun
“Talk less, listen more” is a golden rule of what?
Qualitative interviewing.
Before starting an interview, the researcher should explain the study and obtain this.
What is informed consent?
This qualitative method involves systematically watching or noticing subjects, events, or behaviors to gather information.
What is observation?
A theme is best described as a pattern that captures something important or interesting about this.
What is the data?
A researcher should not immediately accept everything a participant says as the complete picture. What should they do instead?
What is explore further and consider context and alternative perspectives?
Participant or non-participant: Which one involves actively engaging with participants?
Participant observation.
The interviewer talks less and listens more, allowing participants to provide detailed answers. What interviewing principle is this?
What is active listening / allowing participants to speak freely?
In this type of observation, the researcher actively engages with participants to understand behaviors and social dynamics.
What is participant observation?
In qualitative analysis, these small labels are often attached to meaningful pieces of data before developing categories and themes.
What are codes?
Name one stakeholder besides a person affected by leprosy whose perspective could help understand stigma or social exclusion.
What is a family member, neighbour, health worker, local leader, employer/colleague, or self-help group member?
True or False: A theme can be refined, merged, or discarded during analysis
True.
A participant gives a very short answer: “Yes, it was difficult.” The interviewer says, “Can you tell me a little more about what made it difficult?”
What is probing?
In this type of observation, the researcher remains an outsider and observes without directly engaging with participants.
What is non-participant observation?
Put these in the correct order:
Theme → Meaning Unit → Category → Code
What is Meaning Unit → Code → Category → Theme?
A person affected by leprosy says, “I have never experienced discrimination.” Their neighbour says they isolate themselves from the community.
Should the researcher immediately decide that one person is lying?
What is No? The researcher should explore why perspectives differ and gather additional information.
The participant stops talking.
What should the interviewer NOT immediately do?
A. Give the participant some time
B. Listen
C. Probe gently
D. Panic and ask 3 questions at once
D 😂
Which is better for a sensitive topic?
A. “You were ashamed, so you delayed treatment, right?”
B. “Can you tell me about your experience from when you first noticed the symptoms until you sought care?”
B — it avoids assuming the reason and allows the participant to describe their own experience.
A researcher uses a predefined checklist of behaviors to observe in a health facility. Is this structured or unstructured observation?
What is structured observation?
Participants repeatedly say:
What possible theme could emerge?
Isolation and lack of assistance
When interviewing vulnerable participants, the researcher should consider these two things when thinking about the relationship between researcher and participant.
What are cultural and power dimensions?
What is the qualitative researcher's superpower?
Questioning assumptions! 😄
Which is better?
A. “People in your community discriminate against you because of leprosy, don't they?”
B. “How would you describe your experiences with people in your community since you were diagnosed?”
B — it allows the participant to describe positive, negative, or mixed experiences.
A researcher enters a community without predefined categories and allows unexpected behaviors and patterns to emerge naturally. What type of observation is this, and why?
What is unstructured observation, because the researcher approaches the study with an open mind and allows patterns to emerge?
You have developed five themes, but two overlap heavily and one is not supported by the coded data. What should you do?
What is review the coded extracts, combine or discard themes as appropriate, and refine the thematic structure?
A researcher believes that stigma is the main reason people with leprosy delay treatment. During interviews, participants mention cost, distance, family restrictions, fear, and misinformation. What is the biggest qualitative research lesson from this situation?
The researcher should question their own assumptions and allow participants' experiences and multiple perspectives to inform the interpretation, rather than forcing the data to fit the researcher's initial belief.