Pharmacokinetics & Pharmcodynmics
What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What are the three phases of respiration?
Ventilation, Perfusion, Diffusion
What are the major disease processes of COPD?
Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, asthma
Which beta-2 selective bronchodilator has rapid onset and long duration?
Albuterol
What is the fifth vital sign?
Pain
What are the three cardinal effects of NSAIDs?
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory
What is the “first-pass effect” and why does it matter?
Drug is metabolized in liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability
First-generation antihistamines block which two receptors?
Histaminic and Muscarinic receptors
Which medication must be taken at night for COPD
montelukast
Which inhaled anticholinergic is only administered with the HandiHaler device?
Tiotropium
What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen?
4 g/day
Why should aspirin not be given to children?
Risk of Reye's syndrome
liver damage- build up ammonia
Define drug half-life and explain why it is important in dosing.
Define drug half-life and explain why it is important in dosing.
What is the main action of decongestants?
Vasoconstriction to reduce nasal secretions and swelling
Which bronchodilator increases cAMP and restores airway patency?
Epinephrine
How does fluticasone work
It is a glucocorticoid treat nasal congestion and other inflammatory conditions
respiriatory rate. between 8-10 respirations the medication should be held
What education must the nurse provide when a client begins taking febuoxstat?
lots of water
What is the difference between potency and efficacy?
Potency = amount needed for effect; Efficacy = maximal effect achievable
Which type of drug acts on the cough-control center in the medulla?
Antitussives
Why must aminophylline/theophylline levels be monitored closely?
Narrow therapeutic index and toxicity risk
Why must a bronchodilator be used before cromolyn?
Opens airways so cromolyn can work effectively
Name two safety features of PCA pumps.
Lockout mechanism, preset dosing limits
Nursing assesment for patients who take any NSAIDS
GI bleeding
Explain the difference between agonist and antagonist.
: Agonist stimulates and antagonist blocks
What is the mechanism of expectorants, and why are they important?
Loosen secretions for elimination by coughing
Name one adverse/side effect of inhaled glucocorticoids.
Oral candidiasis
Name two key teaching points for correct MDI use.
Shake inhaler, breathe deeply/slowly, hold breath, rinse mouth
Waht is the antidote for acetamininophen
N-acetylcysteine
temperature and white count