Philosophers
This philosopher believed that all people are born with natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
John Locke?
Enlightenment thinkers believed that people could solve problems by using this.
Reason
The idea that government power should be divided among different branches.
separation of powers
John Locke's ideas greatly influenced this important American document.
Declaration of Independence
Montesquieu believed government power should be divided among how many main branches?
three
This philosopher believed that people enter into a social contract with their government.
Thomas Hobbes?
The Enlightenment was a new way of thinking about government, society, and the role of the __________.
people or individuals?
The system that allows one branch of government to limit the power of another branch.
checks and balances
The phrase “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” was strongly influenced by the ideas of this philosopher.
John Locke
Name the three branches of government.
legislative, executive, and judicial branches
This French philosopher strongly supported freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
Voltaire?
According to Enlightenment ideas, all people are born with certain basic rights known as these.
natural rights
The agreement in which people give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order from the government.
social contract
Locke believed that people had the right to do this if a government was not serving the people.
rebel against or overthrow the government
According to Montesquieu, what could happen if too much government power was held by one person or group?
Liberty could be threatened, and the government could become tyrannical.
This philosopher developed the idea that government power should be divided among different branches.
Montesquieu?
True or False: Enlightenment thinkers believed that kings should rule because of divine right.
False
Rights that people are born with and that cannot simply be taken away by the government.
natural rights
The Enlightenment idea that government should serve and protect its citizens is called?
government serving the people
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
the legislative branch
Name the four philosophers from the study guide and identify one major idea associated with each.
Which of the following was NOT an Enlightenment idea?
A. People have natural rights
B. Problems can be solved using reason
C. Kings ruled by divine right
D. Government should serve the people
C. Kings ruled by divine right?
This idea emphasizes the importance of citizens participating in government and working for the common good.
classical republicanism
Explain how John Locke's ideas about natural rights influenced the Declaration of Independence.
Locke believed people possessed natural rights. These ideas influenced the Declaration's statement that people have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Montesquieu warned that when the legislative and executive powers are combined, there could be no liberty. What principle was he supporting?
separation of powers