Skeleton Basics
Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage belong to this skeletal division
Axial skeleton
The only freely movable bone of the skull.
Mandible
The two bones that form the pectoral girdle.
Clavicle and scapula
The structural classification of joints that contains a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
Synovial
An injury involving the stretching or tearing of a ligament.
Sprain
This skeletal division is responsible for the bones that allow limb movement and includes two major girdles.
Appendicular skeleton
The seven vertebrae located between the skull and thoracic region.
Cervical vertebrae
The three bones that fuse to form each hip bone.
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
The structural classification in which bones are connected by dense connective tissue.
Fibrous
Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction around a joint.
Bursitis
The patella and pisiform are examples of this specialized bone shape.
Sesamoid bones
The 12 pairs of bones that form most of the thoracic cage and protect the heart and lungs.
Ribs
The pectoral girdle bone that lies posteriorly and has a prominent spine
Scapula
This type of synovial joint permits movement primarily around one axis, like a door hinge.
Hinge joint
A joint injury in which the bones are forced out of their normal alignment.
Dislocation
Short, cube-like bones that primarily provide stability and support in areas such as the wrist and ankle.
Short bones
Ribs 8–10 belong to this category because they connect to the sternum indirectly through the cartilage of the rib above.
False ribs
Of the three bones forming the hip bone, this is the most inferior and posterior.
Ischium
This synovial joint permits movement in multiple axes, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
Ball-and-socket
Unlike a sprain, this overuse injury involves inflammation of a tendon rather than a ligament.
Tendonitis
This type of cartilage covers the ends of bones within synovial joints, reducing friction and helping absorb forces.
Articular cartilage
An exaggerated lateral curvature of the vertebral column, rather than an exaggerated anterior or posterior curve.
Scoliosis
Compared with the male pelvis, the typical female pelvis is generally this in overall shape and has a wider subpubic angle.
Wider / broader
The joint type that allows the greatest mobility generally sacrifices some stability in exchange for that range of motion.
Synovial joint
The arthritis caused by uric acid crystal accumulation within a joint.
Gout