Periodic Trends
If the electronegativity is high, the ionization energy is.....
Low
Which periodic-table family contains the most reactive metals and has 1 valence electron?
Alkali Metals
I am an element that is extremely reactive with water and I occupy the 4th energy level. Who am I?
K, Potassium
I have 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. Who am I?
Sodium-23 (Na)
What term describes an atom that has gained or lost electrons and now has a charge?
Ion
If the atomic radius is large, the ionization energy is usually ______.
Low
Which family has 7 valence electrons and contains some of the most reactive nonmetals?
Halogens
I am a reactive nonmetal with 7 valence electrons, and I occupy the 3rd energy level. Who am I?
Chlorine (Cl)
I have 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. Identify my element, isotope, and charge.
Magnesium- 24 with a +2 charge
What term describes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?
Isotope
As you move down a group, what happens to atomic radius and ionization energy?
Atomic radius increases; ionization energy decreases.
Which family contains elements with full valence shells, making them extremely unreactive?
Noble Gases
I have 2 valence electrons, commonly form a +2 ion, and occupy the 4th energy level. I am also important for strong bones and teeth. Who am I?
Calcium (Ca)
I have 36 electrons, a −1 charge, and a mass number of 80. Identify my element and determine my number of protons and neutrons.
Bromine-80 (Br⁻): 35 protons, 45 neutrons
What term describes the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization Energy
An element has a small atomic radius and high electronegativity. Would you expect its ionization energy to be high or low? Explain.
High. The electrons are held close to the nucleus, making them harder to remove.
Which family has 2 valence electrons, typically forms +2 ions, and is reactive but less reactive than the alkali metals?
Alkaline Earth Metals
I am a nonmetal with 6 valence electrons. In my elemental form, I exist as a diatomic molecule. Who am I?
Oxygen (O)
An atom is written as ²⁷₁₃Al³⁺. Tell me its number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and charge.
13 protons, 14 neutrons, 10 electrons, +3 charge
What term describes the repulsion of valence electrons by the inner electrons, reducing the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons?
Electron shielding (shielding effect)
If the Atomic radius is high, the Ionic radius is also high. But are they the same size?
No, and the size depends on whether they are gaining or losing electrons.
Which family contains elements that can have different numbers of valence electrons and multiple oxidation states and are commonly used as catalysts?
Transition Metals
I have 3 energy levels and 5 valence electrons. I am a nonmetal that commonly forms a −3 ion and am an important component of DNA and ATP. Who am I?
Phosphorus (P)
I am written as ⁴⁰₁₈Ar. Identify my element and describe at least four of my chemical properties based on my location on the periodic table.
Argon (Ar)
Acceptable properties:
Electronegativity and electron affinity are similar in nature, but they differ in what they describe. What is the difference?
Electronegativity describes an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond, while electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron.