Foundations of Evolution
The voyage of this ship gave Darwin many of the observations that inspired his theory of natural selection
HMS Beagle
This scientist bred pea plants to reveal patterns of inheritance
Gregor Mendel
The effect of chance events, especially in small populations, on allele frequencies
Genetic Drift
"The change in allele frequency over time" is the definition of this term
Evolution
The science of who is most closely related to whom
Phylogenetics
He developed the binomial system for naming organisms
Carl Linnaeus
An allele that is always expressed if present is called this
Dominant
The introduction of new alleles into a population through migration
Gene Flow
A reduction in genetic diversity due to a sudden population decline
Population Bottleneck
This is where (on the phylogenetic tree) you can make observations or gather evidence
Tip
Define the 'Fixity of Species'
Species were created as they are and did not change
The physical expression of a genetic trait
Phenotype
A random mistake in DNA replication that introduces new variation
Mutation
Goosebumps in humans, or whale hindlimb, are both examples of
Vestigial structure
A phylogenetic tree represents this
Hypothesis
This acts on individuals, while evolution acts on populations
Natural Selection
F0, F1, F2--What do these stand for?
Parent generation, First offspring, Second offspring
An individual that carries two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Name 4 mechanisms (driving forces) of Evolution
Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, Mutation
Define Allopatric speciation
Geographic isolation leading to divergence
This scientist developed & refined the idea of uniformitarianism into the principle that Darwin used to establish the vast timescale needed for evolution to occur
Charles Lyell
Meiosis is for the production of this type of cell
Gamete
When different genes are on different chromosomes (or FAR APART on the same chromosome), they segregate independently of each other during meiosis
Principle of independent assortment
If a population is not evolving, it is said to be in this type of equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
This form of speciation happens within a population
Sympatric