Introduction To World History
Cave paintings, tools, and skeletal remains are examples of this that historians use to learn about ancient humans.
What is evidence?
This term describes a belief in one God, shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
What is monotheism?
The ancient Greek word for an independent city-state, including its surrounding countryside, was this.
What is a polis?
Around 509 BCE, Romans overthrew their monarchy because they feared giving too much power to one ruler. They replaced it with this type of government.
What is a republic?
These three empires became major powers during the early modern period partly because they used gunpowder weapons to strengthen their armies.
What are the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?
These three “historic detectives” study ancient humans and their worlds: archaeologists, geographers, and ____.
What are paleoanthropologists?
Muslims follow five major religious duties. This one requires a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a person's lifetime, if able.
What is the Hajj?
Mountains and seas separated communities in ancient Greece, helping lead to the development of these independent political units.
What are city-states?
These two social groups made up the major classes of Roman society, with wealthy landowners on one side and farmers, merchants, and craftspeople on the other.
Who are the patricians and plebeians?
In 1453, Ottoman forces used powerful artillery to break through the massive defensive walls of this strategically important city.
What is Constantinople?
As agriculture developed, societies began producing extra food, which encouraged this exchange of goods between different peoples.
What is trade?
This religion is different from the other major traditions in this lesson because it is considered a philosophy and way of life rather than a religion centered on worshiping a god.
What is Confucianism?
In Athens, citizens participated directly in government through this governing body, while a Council of 500 helped carry out government business.
What is the Athenian Assembly?
Created in 451 BCE, this was Rome's first written collection of laws and helped establish certain legal rights for citizens.
What are the Twelve Tables?
Unlike the predominantly Sunni Ottoman Empire, this empire adopted Shi'a Islam as a major part of its political and religious identity.
What is the Safavid Empire?
As cities grew larger and more complex, societies developed these systems in which people were organized into different levels or classes.
What are social hierarchies?
A Hindu believes that actions have consequences and that the soul may be reborn after death. These two concepts are known as this.
What are karma and reincarnation?
Athens and Sparta developed very different societies. If a Greek city-state emphasized military discipline, a powerful land army, and training boys for war, it most likely followed this model.
What is the Spartan model?
Roman government divided power among consuls, the Senate, assemblies, and tribunes. What was the main purpose of dividing political power among these different institutions?
What is to prevent one person or group from gaining too much power?
This Mughal ruler promoted religious tolerance, strengthened the central government, expanded the empire, and helped begin a Mughal golden age.
Who was Akbar the Great?
Hunter-gatherers moved from place to place, but early farmers settled permanently, especially near fertile river valleys. Explain how this change in human-environment interaction helped civilizations develop.
What is permanent settlement supported by agriculture and access to water/resources?
Buddhism teaches that desire causes suffering and that following this set of guidelines can lead a person toward enlightenment, or nirvana.
What is the Eightfold Path?
Greek geography made travel by land difficult and separated communities. Instead, Greeks became skilled sailors and traders. How did geography help shape Greek political development?
What is the development of independent city-states?
Rome's Republic was weakened by wealthy landowners, political conflict, powerful generals, and civil wars. This Roman general eventually became dictator for life, leading many senators to fear that the Republic was ending.
Who was Julius Caesar?
The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals were different in culture and geography, but all developed powerful centralized governments and benefited from this military technology. Explain how this technology helped them build and maintain their empires.
What is gunpowder weapons/firearms and artillery?