Miscellaneous
Glucokinase, not hexokinase, is converting glucose to glucose 1-phosphate.
What happens to glucose when it enters the liver?
This is a good way to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting.
What is first activating glycogenolysis followed by gluconeogenesis as glycogen reserves are used up?
The glucose molecule entered a muscle cell and was converted into glucose 6-phosphate by this enzyme.
What is hexokinase?
As the length of fasting increases to about 3 days, the brain switches over to this as its fuel source.
What are ketone bodies?
It takes this long for your blood glucose levels to fall back to normal after eating a high carbohydrate meal.
What is about 2 hours?
Go ahead and hold your breath. This is how hypoxia is inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase.
What is low O2 levels are slowing electron transport in the ETC resulting in a buildup of NADH, which activates a kinase that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase?
This hormone activates glycogen phosphorylase and inhibits glycogen synthase.
What is glucagon.
Another way of saying that ADP levels are high.
What is a low ATP:ADP ratio?
The liver packages triglycerides into these to send then to muscle cells and adipose tissue.
What are very low density lipoproteins (or low density lipoproteins)?
What is water will leave the tissues and enter the blood causing you to become dehydrated?
The phagocyte was telling the story about the time he was trying to kill bacteria using H2O2, but it spilled into his cytoplasm. He used this enzyme to convert the H2O2 into water and O2.
Glycogen metabolism is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of specific enzymes. When the liver is stimulate by glucagon it will produce the following forms of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase.
What is glycogen synthase b (inactive) and glycogen phosphorylase a (active)?
The enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction:
H2O2 + 2 GSH → 2 H2O + GSSG
What is glutathione peroxidase?
The brain consumes about this much of the resting body's glucose.
What is 20-25%?
What is 6 mole of ATP and 2 moles of NADH?
I made this when I converted succinyl-CoA to succinate via the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase.
What is GTP?
The types of bonds created by glycogen synthase during glycogenesis.
What are α-1,4 glycosidic linkages in glycogen?
One occurs in the cytoplasm, one in the inner matrix of the mitochondria, and one on inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Where do glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur within the cell?
The three fates of excess glucose in the liver.
What is conversion to glycogen, glycerol, and fatty acids?
The hormone that elevates the expression of the glucokinase gene.
What is insulin?
When muscle cells utilize ATP at a high rate it leads to the production of significant quantities of AMP, which then activates these two enzymes.
What are glycogen phosphorylase b and phosphofructokinase 1?
In gluconeogenesis, this molecule is converted into glucose 6-phosphate.
What is fructose 6-phosphate?
This happens during a prolonged fast because gluconeogenesis in the liver decreases and amino acids are not being used to form glucose.
What is a drop in urea formation and urinary nitrogen levels?
Wow, after starving for 5 weeks your blood glucose levels are still at this level.
What is approximately 65 mg/dL?
The people that rock.
What is the 2026-2027 MMS class at LECOM-Bradenton?