FOUNDATIONS
Development is continuous, but may not occur at the same rate in every domain. What principle is this?
Development is continuous but uneven.
What term means an adult supports regulation WITH a young child?
Co-regulation
A toddler is almost always running, climbing, and moving. Which temperament dimension?
Activity level.
What does a secure base support?
Exploration.
What is perception?
The brain's interpretation of sensory information.
A toddler refuses a coat. The educator offers, “Red coat or blue coat?” What is being supported?
Autonomy/agency through a limited choice
Name the four HDLH foundations.
Belonging,
Well-Being,
Engagement,
Expression.
What early peer-play form occurs when children play beside one another and may imitate each other?
Parallel play.
A baby sleeps and eats at nearly the same times every day. Which dimension?
Rhythmicity.
What does a safe haven provide?
Comfort when the child is distressed.
Why is safe floor time important for infants?
It supports active movement, weight shift, balance, and body awareness.
A child cries at drop-off, accepts comfort, then explores. Which two attachment ideas are visible?
Safe haven and secure base.
What is the formula for chronological age?
Assessment/observation date minus date of birth.
What is the BEST first step when two toddlers are in conflict?
Move close and ensure safety.
One child enters a new playground immediately while another stays close to the educator. Which dimension?
Approach/withdrawal.
What is the difference between compliance and self-regulation?
Compliance follows an external demand; self-regulation manages one's own energy, emotion, attention, and behaviour.
A toddler repeatedly drops a spoon and watches it fall. What learning may this show?
Sensory/perceptual exploration of cause and effect.
A 3-year-old makes wavy lines and says, “It says my cat is sleeping.” What concept is this?
Emergent writing / meaningful mark-making.
“Mia pushed the truck toward Leo and said, ‘Mine.’” Is this observation or interpretation?
Observation — it records what was seen/heard without a label.
A toddler repeatedly says “me” and “mine” and wants to do routines independently. What is emerging?
Sense of self and autonomy.
One infant startles at a whisper while another tolerates loud noise. Which dimension?
Threshold.
During high arousal, should educators generally use more words or fewer words?
Fewer words, with a calm voice and supportive presence.
What does risk-benefit thinking mean?
Manage real hazards while allowing developmentally appropriate challenge and active practice.
Which is stronger ELECT documentation: “good gross motor skills” or “stepped over a 10-cm log without holding an adult’s hand”?
The second — it is specific and observable.
When using ELECT, what should you identify before matching a specific indicator?
The developmental domain and root skill demonstrated.
Name the basic conflict-support sequence
Ensure safety; describe neutrally; acknowledge perspectives/feelings; state the limit; support a solution/alternative; reconnect to play.
A child retries a difficult puzzle piece ten times. Which dimension?
Attention span/persistence.
Name three factors that may make regulation difficult.
Any three: sensory load, hunger, fatigue, transitions, language demands, relationship safety.
Name three authentic materials that support fine-motor development.
Any three: spoons, tongs, blocks, paper, playdough, fasteners.
A toddler screams and hits during a transition. Give two co-regulation strategies and one transition support.
Examples: get low/close, calm voice, few words, protect safety; plus a warning, visual timer, first/then language, object of reference, or extra processing time.