Psychology Perspectives
Which perspective focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned?
Behavioral Perspective.
What research method involves watching and recording behavior?
Naturalistic Observation.
What is the variable the researcher changes?
Independent Variable
A correlation of +0.75 is positive or negative?
Positive correlation.
What does informed consent mean?
Participants are given enough information about the research to voluntarily agree to participate.
Which perspective focuses on the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics?
Biological Perspective
What method asks people questions using questionnaires or interviews?
Survey
What is the variable the researcher measures?
Dependent variable.
If two variables move in opposite directions, what type of correlation is it?
Negative correlation.
What ethical right allows participants to leave a study whenever they choose?
Right to withdraw.
Maria believes she failed a test because she keeps thinking, "I'm stupid and I'll never understand this." Which perspective would focus most on these thoughts?
Cognitive Perspective
A psychologist studies one unusual patient in great detail for several years. What research method is this?
Case Study
One group studies with music and another studies in silence. What is the IV?
Music vs. silence
Students who sleep more tend to earn higher test scores. Can we conclude that more sleep causes better grades?
No.
Participants are told the study is about memory, but it is actually about conformity. What ethical issue is involved?
Deception.
Marcus becomes aggressive after watching his older brother get praised for acting aggressively. Which perspective best explains this behavior?
Behavioral Perspective.
Researchers ant to know whether caffeine causes improved reaction time. What research method should they use?
Experiment
The music groups takes a test at 8 a.m., while the silence group takes it at 2 p.m. What is wrong with the experiment?
The time of day is a confounding/uncontrolled variable.
A study finds r=-0.85 between stress and hours of sleep. Describe the relationship.
Strong negative correlation.
What should researchers do after a study involving deception to explain what really happened?
Debriefing.
A psychologist explains depression by examining thought patterns, brain chemistry, relationships, and culture. What idea does this demonstrate?
Biopsychosocial approach.
Explain one difference between an experiment and a correlational study.
An experiment manipulates an IV and measures a DV and can potentially establish cause and effect.
A researcher tests whether energy drinks affect memory. The energy-drink group is made entirely of seniors while the control group is freshmen. Identify the major problem.
Age/grade level is a confounding variable.
Which correlation is stronger: r=+0.35 or r=-0.91?
r=-0.91
The sign (+/-) tells you the direction, not the strength. The closer the number is to 1.00 or -1.00, the stronger the relationship.
Explain the difference between reliability and validity.
Reliability = consistency.
Validity = accuracy.