allergy and anaphylaxis
Define anaphylaxis and the treatment
An extreme allergic reaction that is life threatening and involves (2+) multiple organ systems
treatment: epinephrine And provide ventilations
Discuss blood clotting in alcoholic patients
Blood may not clot effectively in a pt with prolonged alcohol use
What is spina bifida?
A developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal corse or meninges may protrude outside the vertebrae and possibly outside the body
What does cytotoxic mean
Toxic or destructive to living cells
Lifespan of a red blood cell
110-120 days
Epinephrine dosages
adult = .3ml
children = .5ml
S/S of absorbed poisoning
History of exposure, liquid or powder on a pt skin, burns, itching, irritation, redness of the skin in lighter skin or typical odors of the substance
Spontaneous abortion
The loss of a pregnancy before 20weeks of gestation without any preceding surgical or medical intervention (often called a miscarriage)
Cause of heat cramps
Not well known, it is known that sweat produced during strenuous exercise particularly in warm environment causes a change in the body's electrolyte balance,
Causes of anemia
Chronic or acute bleeding, deficiency in certain vitamins or minerals, underlying disease process
% of children with an allergic condition
1/4
Causes of carbon monoxide poisoning
High levels of carbon monoxide in an enclosed space, running outdoor heater in an enclosed space, being in a car that's running in an enclosed space
Spontaneous abortion.
The loss of a pregnancy before 20weeks of gestation without any preceding surgical or medical intervention (often called a miscarriage)
Pathophysiology of air embolism. S&S
Bubbles of air in the blood vessels- S/S blotching, frothing, muscle/joint/abdominal pain, dyspnea, dizziness/nausea/vomiting, cough, cyanosis, difficulty w vision, paralysis, irregular pulse/cardiac arrest
Describe kussmaul respirations
Fast and deep respirations, a response to metabolic acidosis releasing more CO2 and increases the body’s PH levels making it more basic
How does epinephrine reverse the side effects of anaphylaxis
Causes the blood vessels to constrict, which reverses vasodilation and hypotension, this elevates the diastolic pressure and improves blood flow
S/S of absorbed poisoning
History of exposure, liquid or powder on a pt skin, burns, itching, irritation, redness of the skin in lighter skin or typical odors of the substance
Treatment of a pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding
Massage the uterus, if bleeding continues check technique and hand placement, if pt seems in shock place sterile pads keep them and transport to hospital
Frostbite vs. Frostnip vs. Immersion foot
Frost bite- the most serious local cold injury cause tissues are actually frozen, the presence of ice crystals within the cells can cause physical damage. The change in water content in cells can cause changes in the concentration of critical electrolyte producing permanent changes in the chemistry of the cells
Immersion foot- occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water,the skin is pale (blanched) and cold to the touch, baseline color does not return after palpation in some cases the foot will be wrinkled pt reports loss of feeling and sensation
What does insulin do? What is its effect on blood sugar levels?
Moves glucose from blood into the tissues and cells to be used for energy. It also lowers blood sugar levels
Symptoms and treatment for ACE- inhibitor reactions
Sudden swelling of the skin/ mucus membranes usually in the face, lips, and tongue pt may complain of trouble swallowing/ breathing
Activated charcoal indications, dosage, adverse effects
Indications- not indicated
Dosage- 1g charcoal/ 1kg body weight
Adverse effects- constipation and black stool
What happens in each stage of labor?
1- dilation of the cervix- starts w contractions, the “bloody show” and the water breaks the contractions will become stronger and longer ends when the cervix if fully dilated
2-delivery of the fetus- begins when the fetus enter the birth canal pt may feel the need to have a bowel movement includes crowning ends with delivery
3- delivery of the placenta- starts w the births contractions will continue after the baby is out to help push out the placenta, may need to help w a uterine massage to help w bleeding/ help the placenta come out ends w delivey of the placenta
The 5 ways the body loses heat
Conduction- warm hand on col object
Convection- cold air moving across warm body
Evaporation- working out getting sweaty, the body cools down feeling cool in a warmish room
Radiation- standing in a cold room heat leaves the body
Respiration- breathing in cold air cooling down the lungs and core body temp
Compare and contrast hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (describe what it is and how it changes Skin and common causes and some symptoms)
Hyper: blood sugar is too high; develops gradually, occurs due to too little insulin, overeating, or missed medication, some symptoms are excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision, and headache or dry mouth; severe if patient has Fruity smelling breath, skin is dry
hypo:blood sugar is too low; develops quickly, too much insulin/ medication. Can occur due to skipping a meal or intense exercise/ alcohol; some symptoms are shaking, sweating, hunger, dizziness, irritability. Some severe signs are seizure or unconsciousness