Earthquake!
These seismic waves travel faster than S-waves.
P-Waves
This process is the main mechanism that drives tectonic plate movement.
Mantle convection
At this boundary, two plates move away from each other.
Divergent boundary
Most volcanoes occur near these large moving pieces of Earth's crust.
Tectonic plate boundaries
Magma that cools and solidifies forms this rock type.
Igneous rock
Unlike P-waves, these waves cannot travel through liquids.
S-Waves
Differences in these two properties cause convection currents in the mantle.
Temperature and density
At this boundary, two plates move toward one another.
Convergent boundary
The Pacific region famous for frequent earthquakes and volcanoes is called this.
The Ring of Fire
Heat and pressure can transform an existing rock into this type.
Metamorphic rock
Scientists use differences in P- and S-wave arrival times to locate this.
An Epicenter
Hot mantle material does this while cooler material sinks.
Rises
Seafloor spreading occurs at this type of boundary.
Divergent boundary
A chain of volcanic islands that gets older farther from the active volcano is evidence of this.
A hotspot
Compacted and cemented sediments form this type of rock.
Sedimentary rock
This type of plate boundary commonly produces shallow earthquakes as plates slide past one another.
Transform boundary
The main type of heat transfer occurring within the mantle is this.
Convection
Two continental plates colliding can produce this major landform.
A mountain range
The Ring of Fire is primarily associated with this tectonic plate.
Pacific Plate
This process turns loose sediment into solid sedimentary rock.
Lithification
To triangulate an earthquake epicenter, scientists need data from at least this many seismograph stations.
Three
Describe how thermal energy moves through the mantle.
Hot material rises and cooler material sinks, creating convection currents.
An oceanic plate sinking beneath another plate at a convergent boundary is called this.
Subduction
Name the three major tectonic settings on the test where volcanoes commonly occur.
Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and hotspots
Sedimentary rock buried deep underground and exposed to intense heat and pressure becomes this.
Metamorphic rock