Enlightenment
What intellectual movement emphasized reason, science, and individual freedom?
What is the Enlightenment?
What religious order became especially influential in education and missionary work during this period?
What is the Society of Jesus?
What country experienced a major revolution beginning in 1789?
What is France?
What movement sought to bring about renewed religious faith in France after the Revolution?
What is the Catholic religious revival?
Which pope called the First Vatican Council?
Who is Pope Pius IX?
What Catholic philosopher and mathematician argued for the Christian faith while recognizing the limits of human reason?
Who is Blaise Pascal?
What is another name for members of the Society of Jesus?
Who are the Jesuits?
Which French king was executed during the French Revolution?
Who is King Louis XVI?
What saint became famous for his ministry as a parish priest in Ars, France?
Who is St. John Vianney?
What dogma did Pope Pius IX proclaim in 1854?
What is the Immaculate Conception?
What idea of the Enlightenment challenged traditional religious authority by placing greater trust in human reason?
What is rationalism?
Why did European monarchies begin to oppose the Jesuits?
Because the Jesuits had a special vow of obedience to the pope.
Which revolutionary leader became associated with the Reign of Terror?
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
What sacrament was St. John Vianney especially known for emphasizing?
What is Reconciliation?
What doctrine about the pope was defined by the First Vatican Council?
What is papal infallibility?
What did many Enlightenment thinkers believe should guide society instead of traditional religious authority?
What is human reason?
In what South American country did Jesuits establish model villages for Native American converts?
What is Paraguay?
What happened to Pope Pius VI during the French Revolution?
He was taken prisoner by the French and died in captivity.
What term describes Catholics who supported strong papal authority in matters of faith and morals?
What is ultramontanism?
What was the name of the First Vatican Council's constitution concerning faith, reason, and Divine Revelation?
What is Dei Filius?
What major historical event was strongly influenced by Enlightenment ideas and created serious challenges for the Catholic Church?
What is the French Revolution?
What happened to the Society of Jesus in 1773?
Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Jesuits.
How did the French Revolution affect the Catholic Church?
It weakened the Church’s political influence, seized Church property, and persecuted clergy.
What was one major way nineteenth-century governments challenged the traditional role of the Catholic Church?
They took control of areas such as education, marriage, and charitable work.
What major issue led to the interruption of the First Vatican Council in 1870?
What is the Franco-Prussian War and the resulting conflict surrounding Rome?