Number Systems (Binary & Hexadecimal)
Convert the denary number 45 into 8-bit binary.
00101101
Explain the difference between character set size and ASCII vs. Unicode for text representation.
ASCII uses 8 bits (1 byte) giving 256 unique characters (mainly English/Latin), while Unicode uses up to 32 bits to represent characters from all global languages and emojis?
How many Bytes are in 1 Kibibyte (KiB) under the IEC binary prefix standard?
1,024 Bytes
Perform binary addition on 0101 and 0011.
1000
Convert the hexadecimal value 3F into denary.
63
State the two factors that determine the file size and quality of a digital sound recording.
Sample Rate (number of samples taken per second) Sample Resolution / Bit Depth (number of bits used per sample)
Describe the main difference between Lossy compression and Lossless compression in terms of original data recovery.
Lossy compression permanently removes redundant/less noticeable data (original file cannot be restored), whereas Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any data so the original file can be perfectly reconstructed?
What condition causes a binary overflow error during binary addition?
What happens when the result of an addition requires more bits than the allocated register space allows (e.g., a carry bit generated out of the most significant bit in an 8-bit register)?
Give two distinct reasons computer scientists use hexadecimal instead of binary to represent data.
It is easier for humans to read/understand and shorter to write.
It reduces the chance of making mistakes when copying or typing values.
Calculate the file size in bytes of an uncompressed image with a resolution of 100 times 200 pixels and a colour depth of 16 bits.
40,000 bytes
$100 times 200 times 16 = 320,000 $320,000 / 8 = 40,000
Apply Run-Length Encoding (RLE) to condense the following binary string: 000011111000.
4 0 5 1 3 0
A logical right shift of 2 places is performed on the binary number 01000000 (denary 64). What is the new binary result, and what mathematical operation did this effectively perform?
00010000