Brain
Cerebellum
Divided into two hemispheres, this is the upper part of the brain, is in charge of the most sensory, motor, and cognitive processes
Glial Cells
Cells that support, nurture, and insulates neurons; remove debris when neurons die; enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections; and modify neuronal fx
3 reasons why it is difficult to narrow down the relationship between neurotransmitter levels and behavioral abnormalities
It is possible that something about a disorder leads to abnormal neurotransmitters instead of the other way around
Certain drugs that increase and decrease levels of a particular neurotransmitter are sometimes effective in treating certain mental disorders, but this does not mean the neurotransmitter is the cause.
Central Nervous System
The portion of the nervous system that regulates the internal organs and glands
Brain
Spinal cord A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bones (The spinal column)
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain
Amygdala
A brain structure involved in assessing the potential biological impact of incoming sensory information and driving the body's response to it.
Synapses
The site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another occur; it includes the axon terminal, the synaptic cleft, and receptor sites in the membrane of the receiving cell.
Stem cells
Immature cells that renew themselves and have the potential, given encouraging environments, to develop into mature cells of any type.
Peripheral Nervous System
All portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, including sensory and motor nerves.
Somatic and autonomic
Dopamine
Voluntary movement, attention, learning, memory, emotion, pleasure and reward, and responses to novelty.
Hypothalamus
A Brain structure involved in emotions and drives that are vital to survivial; it regulates the autonomic nervous system
Dendrite
A neuron's branches that receive information from other neurons and transmit it toward the cell body
Four lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
Occipital lobes
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Frontal lobes
Somatic Nervous System
The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles (Also call the skeletal nervous system)
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Thalamus
A brain structure that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex
Axon
A neuron's extending fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body, transmitting them to other neurons
Serotinin
Sleep, apatite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, and mood
Autonomic Nervous System
The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal organs and glands
Sypathetic nervous system
and Parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Muscle action, arousal, vigilance, memory, and emotion
Myelin Sheath
A fatty insolation that may surround the axon of a neuron
Makes sure the message gets through quickly
Makes sure it does not affect surrounding neurons not intended to get the message
Neurotransmitter
A Chemical substance that is released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse. altering the activity of a receiving neuron
Sympathetic Nervous System
The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stess
Parasympathetic nervous system
The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that operates during relaxed states and conserves energy
Norepinephrine
Learning, memory, dreaming, waking from sleep, emotion, and involved in increased heart rate and slowing of intestinal activity during stress.