Science of Reading
What does the Science of Reading refer to?
A body of research about how people learn to read and how reading should be taught. It is NOT a curriculum.
Which language system focuses on speech sounds.
Phonology
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain's ability to change and reorganize its connections through learning and experience.
What is environmental print?
Print encountered in everyday surroundings, such as signs, logos and labels
Who developed the well known phases of sight word reading development?
Ehri
Unlike spoken language, reading must be______
Explicitly taught; it is not acquired naturally
Which language system focuses on spelling patterns and written language?
Orthography
True or false: Humans are born with a specialized brain network for reading
False
What is the alphabetic principle?
Understanding that letters and letter combinations represent sounds in spoken language
What is the earliest phase in Ehri's model?
Pre-alphabetic phase
What are the two components of the Simple View of Reading?
Decoding (word recognition) and language comprehension
What is morphology?
The study of meaningful word parts, including roots and affixes.
What does automaticity mean in reading?
Recognizing words accurately and effortlessly with little conscious attention.
What is the difference between print awareness and alphabet knowledge?
Print awareness concerns how print works; alphabet knowledge concerns letters, their names, and often their sounds.
A child uses the first and last letters to identify a familiar word. Which Ehri phase best describes this?
Partial alphabetic phase
A student decodes words accurately but cannot explain the text. Which component of the Simple View needs support?
Language Comprehension
Which language system deals with sentence structure and word order?
Syntax
What is orthographic mapping?
The process of connecting sounds in spoken words to written letters and storing words for automatic recognition.
A child recognizes McDonald's logo but cannot identify the letters in the word. What is that an example of?
Environmental print recognition, not necessarily word decoding
During which phase does a reader use complete letter sound connections to read and remember words?
Full alphabetic phase
Why can strong language comprehension not fully compensate for very weak decoding?
Reading comprehension depends on both decoding and language comprehension
A student understands the individual words in a sentence but misinterprets the sentence because of its grammatical structure. Which system is involved?
Syntax
Why does automatic word recognition help reading comprehension?
It frees cognitive resources for understanding the meaning of text.
Why is letter knowledge important for beginning readers?
It supports learning letter sound relationships and decoding written words.
What distinguishes the consolidated alphabetic phase?
Readers recognize larger recurring spelling patterns and meaningful chunks efficiently