Phenological Events
This science focuses on the periodic timing of seasonal life-cycle events
What is phenology?
This was the year the study's dataset began.
What is 1951?
This is the region of North America where this salmon study was conducted.
What is the Pacific Northwest (Oregon to Alaska)?
The ability of an organism to change its physical traits, behavior, or physiological responses in reaction to the environment.
What is phenotypic plasticity?
This is the primary driver causing coastal sea surface temperatures to rise and alter marine bloom schedules.
What is climate change?
This ecological phenomenon occurs when consumers hatch or arrive out of sync with the peak availability of their food sources.
What is a phenological mismatch?
In this study, this many populations of Pacific salmon were examined.
What is 66?
This carbon conversion process dictates the spring bloom peak, which often occurs too early due to warming, causing a mismatch for arriving fish.
What is primary marine productivity?
An early spring warming often causes this critical food source to peak and recede before juvenile fish arrive.
What is zooplankton?
This is the scientific genus name of the Pacific salmon evaluated in the study.
What is Oncorhynchus?
This is a stage in a salmon's life cycle in which it begins to undergo physical changes in preparation for its migration to the ocean.
What is a smolt?
This technology was used to quantify the productivity of the phytoplankton species
What is satellite imagery?
These salmon species experienced the greatest shift in the timing of peak emigration.
What are the Pink salmon and chum salmon?
This percentage of the population migrated earlier, during warmer spring temperatures.
What is 84%?
Dozens of these specific geographic locations were where researchers tracked shifting salmon populations.
What are sites (or rivers/streams)?
This is the biological term for fish that spend their adulthood in saltwater but return to freshwater regions to lay or breed.
What is anadromous?
The study's time series, which used satellite imagery to track phytoplankton from 1999 to 2019, covered this many degrees of latitude.
What is 18°?
These salmon species experienced the smallest change in the timing of peak emigration.
What are the Coho salmon and steelhead trout?
This percentage represents the proportion of total variation in migration timing shifts observed within the species across populations.
What is 60%?
The salmon species being studied are important because they have these kind of significance.
What are economic and cultural?
This high-mortality phase is when fish survival depends on the alignment of prey availability with ocean arrival.
What is early marine entry?
These are the six salmon species followed in the study.
What are Chinook, Chum, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, and Pink?
Out of the 6 salmon species included in the study, this species was found at the most sites.
What is Coho salmon?
Salmon species had the most significant effect, with a very short interval between these two life-stage events.
What are emergence and emigration?
The separation between species in a food web.