Cell Theory and Types
The smallest unit of life that performs the functions of living things
What is a cell?
What jellylike material fills the inside of a cell?
cytoplasm
Organisms that harness energy from sunlight to make their own food are called what?
producers
What molecule is known as the cell's energy currency?
What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
cell membrane
Who first used the word "cells" after observing cork through a microscope?
Robert Hooke
Which organelle contains DNA and controls cell activities?
nucleus
What is the name of the process that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen?
photosynthesis
What is the first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken into smaller fragments?
glycolysis
What term describes a membrane that allows some substances through but not others?
What term describes an organism made of only one cell?
unicellular
Which cell structure assembles proteins?
ribosomes
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplasts
Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
What is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration called?
Diffusion
What name is given to cells that have a nucleus?
eukaryotic (eukaryote)
Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP?
mitochondria
What green pigment absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
What term describes a process that requires oxygen?
Aerobic
What is the diffusion of water across a membrane called?
Osmosis
According to cell theory, what is the source of all cells?
from preexisting cells
What network of fibers helps maintain the cell's shape and provides paths for movement inside the cell?
cytoskeleton
What sugar is produced during photosynthesis?
glucose
Explain in one sentence why organisms use fermentation instead of aerobic respiration.
Because oxygen is not available, cells use fermentation to keep producing ATP by breaking down glucose anaerobically.
What type of transport requires the cell to use energy?
active transport