Political and Social Movement
What is the name of the political and social theory that advocates representative government, free trade, and freedom of speech and religion? It insisted on equality under the law and on the individual's rights to think, speak, act, and vote as he or she pleased as long as no harm came to people or property.
Liberalism
This Belgian king personally controlled the Congo Free State and became notorious for brutal labor practices
King Leopold II of Belgium
What is the name of the only successful large-scale revolt of enslaved people in history created an independent Caribbean nation.
Haitian Revolution
This ideology justified U.S. expansion as God’s will for the American people to expand their territory and political processes across the North American continent.
Manifest Destiny
The principle that political power comes from the people rather than a monarch is known as this.
Popular Sovereignty
This term is defined the act of leaving your home country to settle somewhere else.
Emigration
Company that mobilized capital from a large number of investors, called shareholders, who were not to be held personally liable for financial losses incurred by the company.
Limited-Liability Joint-Stock Company
This movement argued that real change is possible only by going to the root of the problem and promoting complete political and social reform.
Radicalism
This ruler of Egypt launched modernization reforms designed to strengthen his state against European powers.
Muhammad Ali
This Chinese civil war, led by Hong Xiuquan in 1850, resulted in 20-30 million deaths and is considered one of the most lethal civil wars of all time.
Taiping Rebellion
This term refers to the European scramble for Africa beginning in 1882, in which states met in Berlin (1884-1885) to carve up Africa and to recognize acquisitions of any European power that had achieved occupation on the ground.
Partition of Africa
This Japanese reform movement began in 1868 and rapidly modernized the country in which the new emperor founded schools, initiated a propaganda campaign, and revamped the army to create a single “national” fighting force.
Meiji Restoration
This Russian program initiated by Alexander II abolished serfdom, expanded education and industry, and aimed to modernize and preserve Russia's status as a great power.
Russia's "Great Reforms"
Perhaps the Enlightenments most characteristic attempt to encompass universal knowledge, this object's purpose was "to collect all the knowledge scattered over the face of the earth" and make it useful to men and women in the present and the future.
Encyclopedie
This belief that society should be a free association of its members, not just subject to government, laws, or police.
Anarchism
This thinker and his collaborator Friedrich Engels developed a socialist theory centered on class conflict.
Karl Marx
This uprising in India began partly over rumors that rifle cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat.
Indian Rebellion of 1857
This colonial governance system allowed imperial powers, especially Britain, governed through existing local leaders who administered daily affairs while colonial officials retained ultimate authority.
Indirect Rule
This conservative Piedmontese prime minister helped unify Italy by appealing to nationalist sentiment.
Count Camillo di Cavour
This late nineteenth century style of painting characterized by an emphasis on spontaneous brushwork, feeling, and the incorporation of western influences into classical Chinese pieces
Shanghai School
Also known as the minorities war, it was not just ethnic cleansing but a sign the Muslim people in China resisted being integrated into expanding states and empires, which resulted in the death of 21 million people due to massacres, famine, and epidemics.
Hui Revolt
What is the name of the political and economic system, elaborated by the French social philosopher Georges Soel, that sought to replace capitalism with a workplace organization that included unskilled laborers.
Syndicalism
This Chinese revolutionary helped overthrow the Qing Dynasty and became the first provisional president of the Republic of China.
Sun Yat-sen
This Chinese movement adopted the slogan "Support the Qing, destroy the foreign."
Boxer Uprising
This artificial waterway opened in 1869 and dramatically shortened travel between Europe and Asia.
Suez Canal
This process brought together separate or divided regions, states, or groups within a country into a single, cohesive nation, often through political, social, cultural, or military measures.
National Unification
What is the name of the members of this early twentieth century reform movement in the United States which aimed to eliminate political corruption, improve working conditions, and regulate the power of large industrial and financial enterprises.
Progressive Reformers
The name of private gatherings where much of the important work of the Enlightenment was produced.
Salons
What is the name of religious sects that were convinced of the imminent coming of a just or ideal society. These sects could transform local revolts into large scale rebellions. They threatened the established order and allowed women to play important roles.
Millenarian Movement
This formerly enslaved leader became the central figure of the Haitian Revolution before being captured by the French.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
This conflict was fueled by the unequal distribution of land and by disgruntled workers; it erupted when political elites split over the succession of General Porfirio Diaz after decades of his rule.
Mexican Revolution
These recruited soldiers enforced rubber and ivory quotas in the Congo Free State through a reign of terror and violence.
Force Publique
Starting in the 1860s, this movement of reformists Chinese bureaucrats in the latter half of the nineteenth century attempted to adopt western elements of learning and technological skills while retaining their core Chinese culture.
Self-strengthening Movement
This cultural and artistic movement challenged traditional ideas and embraced new forms of expression; it is often described as unsettling and represents work in a shocking new way.
Modernism
This theory emerged in the later nineteenth century, when many Europeans began to fear that Darwin had been wrong: that urbanization, technology, racial hybridity, the emergence of the “modern” woman, and over refinement were causing Europeans not to progress as a species.
Degeneration Theory