Cellular Energetics & Enzyme Dynamics
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, every energy transformation releases heat and causes this measure of disorder to rise.
What is Entrophy?
During this initial phase of a bacterial growth curve, individual cells adapt to their surroundings and synthesize enzymes without increasing in number.
This physical or chemical control process completely destroys all forms of microbial life, including bacterial endospores.
What is Sterilization?
This type of inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape so the substrate can no longer fit.
What is Noncompetitive?
During aerobic respiration, this protein complex uses the proton gradient returning across the membrane to synthesize the majority of cellular ATP.
This physical method uses moist heat under pressure to reach temperatures above 100 C and kill endospores.
What is Autoclave?
This passive transport process moves water across a selectively permeable membrane toward the side with higher solute concentration.
What is Osmosis?
When oxygen or alternative electron acceptors are absent, cells use this process to recycle NAD + so glycolysis can continue.
What is Fermentation?
This type of non-ionizing radiation controls microbes in air and on surfaces by inducing thymine dimers in their DNA.
What is UV light
These plants open their stomata at night to store carbon dioxide as organic acids, separating carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle in time.
What are CAM plants
Organisms such as yeast that can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation depending on oxygen availability fall under this category.
What is Facultative?
At 70% concentration, these chemical agents control microbial growth by dissolving membrane lipids and denaturing proteins.
What are Alcohols?
This enzyme acts as the key pacemaker of glycolysis and is inhibited by high levels of ATP or citrate.
What is Phosphofructokinase?
Technicians use serial dilutions and aseptic techniques in this method to calculate colony-forming units (CFUs) from living cells only.
What is Plate (a good plate count)
This biotechnology technique deploys microbial metabolic pathways to break down environmental pollutants, toxic waste, and municipal sewage.
What is Bioremediation?