The Reinforcement Treasure Hunt
Provide one type of reinforcement category
Edible, tangible, activity, social
Provide one example of a positive punishment procedure
•Reprimand
•Response blocking
•Contingent exercise
•Restitution overcorrections
•Positive practice
Where does prompting belong in the ABC contingency
Between antecedent and behaviour
Describe shaping
Teaching strategy used to teach or help someone develop new skills
Provide one example of a negative punishment procedure
time out
response cost
planned ignoring
What reinforcers should you use from your preference assessment results and how many should you select
Highest ranked and about top 3
Define a punisher
The object, thing or event (stimuli) that is added or removed immediately after a target behaviour
Describe a gesture prompt
Using a non-verbal cue that involves body movements to guide a learner’s behaviour toward the skill you’re teaching them
–Pointing
–Nodding
–Open hand cue
–Gaze shifting
–Tapping
•Gradual learning - breaks down behaviour into manageable teaching steps
•Allows for individualization (# of approximations)
•Useful for behaviour that doesn't yet exist
Describe a within stimulus prompt
It modifies a stimulus OR the stimulus it modifies is the antecedent cue
Describe a Single Stimulus Assessment Procedure
Give a single item to the learner and observe their response;
Record the learner’s responseAvoids the item (shows no interest or moves away)
oApproaches the item (shows interest or moves closer)
oEngages with the item (actively plays, eats, or interacts)
Record total time with item using a timer
oThe item should remain available until the learner stops engaging or reaches a maximum time limit (e.g. 10 minutes).
Define the difference between a positive punishment and a negative punishment
Positive punishment is the presentation of a stimulus to decrease behaviour; Negative punishment is removal of a stimulus to decrease behaviour
If using visual prompts in a prompt hierarchy, when should they be introduced
visual prompts need to be implemented by pairing them with other prompts early in the teaching process
What is the first step in creating a shaping procedure
Determine the first approximation by observing the learner
Name 2 non trial based procedures to used collect information on preferred items
interviews and observation (free operant)
Describe the difference between Multiple Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO) Procedure and Multiple Stimulus with Replacement (MSW) Procedure
MSW: Put the item or edible they just chose back in the array (replacement)
MSWO: do not put item back in array
During extinction, what is withheld
The reinforcing consequence
In a least to most prompt hierachy, which is the final prompt
The final prompt must be a ‘controlling’ prompt. The one that always evokes a correct response from learner
Describe how to implement a shaping procedure with prompting.
Teach the first approximation using your ABC teaching sequence and prompt hiearchy until mastery criteria is reached, and then fade the prompts until independence is reached. Then begin to teach the second approximation using your ABC teaching sequence and prompt hiearchy until mastery criteria is reached, and then fade the prompts until independence is reached. Continue until final approximation is reached at independent.
Describe the difference between negative punishment and extinction
■Negative Punishment = remove reinforcer person has in their possession
oEnvironment changes after the behaviour occurs
■Extinction = don't give the reinforcer
oEnvironment doesn't change after behaviour occurs
Provide 2 reasons to select a forced choice preference assessment
•Learner can make choices
•Learner cannot scan two or more items
•Learner has limited discrimination
•Learner does not display positional bias in their selection method
•Learner will not display challenging behaviour when giving up a preferred item
Describe kind extinction
■Incorporates comfort, kindness and positive regard when target challenging behaviour occurs during the extinction procedure
■The type of comfort provided individualized
Describe how to implement a most to least prompt hierachy
1.Deliver the antecedent instruction or cue
2.Immediately prompt the learner with the controlling prompt
3.If they engage in the skill your teaching, provide reinforcement
4.If they don’t respond or respond incorrectly, provide an error correction, going to the previous successful prompt in the hierarchy
5.Stay at this prompt level until it's mastered; then move to next prompt level
Describe 3 approximations that could be used to teach the skill of saying "mama"
1. Mmm
2. Ma
3. Mama
Describe a shaping procedure to teach writing your own name
Traces Adrienne
Writes A and traces drienne
Writes Ad and traces rienne
Writes Adr and traces ienne
Writes Adri and traces enne
Writes Adrie and traces nne
Writes Adrien and traces ne
Writes Adrienn and traces e
Writes Adrienne