Unique Nature of Pure Water
Matter consists of elements each of which naturally occurs as small units called what?
Atoms
What is used to measure water clarity?
Secchi Disk
What do the chemical properties of seawater distinguish it from?
Freshwater habitats
What is the average pH of the ocean
8.0-8.3
What species live in the Hadalpelagic zone
rat-tail fish, amphipods and decapods
Each water molecule has a slight positive and negative what?
Electrical charges
What color light penetrates the deepest?
Blue light
How many ions compose more then 99% of material dissolved in seawater water?
Only six ions
Around how much of the CO₂ humans release gets absorbed by the ocean?
30%
Extremely dark and very cold temperatures.
The attraction of one water molecule to another is known as what?
Hydrogen bonding
what increases dramatically with ocean depth?
Pressure
what accounts for about 85% of the ions?
sodium and chloride
What do sea creatures need carbonate ions for?
To build and maintain their shells and skeletons
What zone has warm water and most plants and animals that live there.
epipelagic zone
Heat is measured in what?
Joules or calories
what does changing pressure affect?
marine organisms and the scientists that study them
Which ions come from volcanoes and hydrothermal vents?
sulfides and chlorides
What is the name of the process that makes ocean water less alkaline?
Ocean acidification
What ocean zone is called the Twilight Zone?
Mesopelagic Zone
What does a floating layer of ice do to water below it so that it doesn't freeze?
It insulates it
In the deep sound channel low-frequency sound waves can travel how?
they can travel uninterrupted for thousands of kilometers
what does the density of seawater depend on?
It depends on temperature and salinity
What ions are needed by organisms to build and maintain shells and other calcium carbonate structures.
Carbonate ions
What zone is the largest environment on earth?
Abyssopelagic zone