Anemia
Reproductive Drugs
Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants
100

What is the drug action of Epoetin Alfa and when is it given? 

It is used to stimulate erythropoiesis and is given to patients who are not able to produce erythropoietin (renal failure patients).

100

List the contraindications for Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Idiopathic vaginal bleeding

Breast or Cervical Cancer

Thromboembolic Events (DVT)

Patients who smoke 

100

How do Adrenergic Blocking agents work and what are the nursing responsibilities?

They are referred to as sympatholytic drugs because they block the effects of the SNS.

Lower the BP, decrease the HR, and improve renal perfusion. 

Used to treat cardiac-related conditions including hypertension.

Nursing Intervention: check HR prior to administration 

100

Describe three different types of drugs that affect clotting formation.

Antiplatelets alter platelet aggregation and formation of the platelet plug.

Anticoagulants interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation.

Thrombolytics break down the thrombus.

100

Therapeutic level for Heparin 

WBCT of 2.5-3 times the control value or aPTT of 1.5-3

200

How should the nurse administer Iron preparations? 

1. It should be given with food.

2. Liquid preparations should be administered through a straw.

3. Avoid administering with eggs, milk, coffee, tea, and Vitamin C. 

200

When a patient is receiving Oxytocin what are the primary nursing interventions? 

Monitor for adverse effects of the drug

Monitor the fetal heart rate and uterine activity 

Obtain vital signs frequently 

200

How do Adrenergic agonist work and what are the nursing responsibilities?

They stimulate receptors within the SNS.

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmias, heart block, and prevention of bronchospasm.

Monitor the client for adverse reactions: tachycardia, angina, MI, and palpitations, SOB, cough, and bronchospasm, N/V, and anorexia.


200

What are anticoagulants used to treat? 

Prevention of venous thrombosis and PE

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation 

Treatment of DIC

Adjunct treatment for MI and Stroke

Prevention of clotting in blood samples and heparin lock sets 

200

List the Antidote for Heparin

List the Antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin)

Protamine Sulfate

Vitamin K 

300

If a client is taking Ferrous Sulfate how can the nurse evaluate the client's compliance to drug therapy?

Labwork (HgB)

300

Risk factors associated with Oral Contraceptives. 

Thromboembolic Events (DVT)

300

Ophthalmic Adrenergic Agonist 

Used to treat elevated intraocular pressure in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Patients are to place one drop in the affected eye(s) three times a day.  Always perform hand hygiene prior to administration and instruct the client not to rub the eyeball after administration. The client should tilt the head or lie supine and drops are instilled into the lower conjunctival sac.

Most common side effects are allergic conjunctivitis, burning sensation in the eye, eye pruritus, ocular allergic reactions, and visual disturbances.

300

What education should the nurse provide to a patient starting on anticoagulant therapy? 

Provide education on the importance of having coagulation studies (bloodwork).

Brush teeth with a soft bristle toothbrush

Use an electric razor

Avoid contact sports 

Wear a MedicAlert bracelet

Monitor for signs of bleeding 


300

How is Heparin administered? 

Intravenously or Subcutaneously 

400

What client's benefit from Folic Acid administration?

Patients planning to become pregnant, patients who are pregnant or lactating, patients with nutritional deficiencies, and patients with megaloblastic anemia. 

400

For client's who are starting on oral contraceptive therapy what education should be provided? 

They should continue to use a backup method for the next month.  

Take the medication at the same time each day. 

If they forget to take one dose they can take two doses the following day.

If they forget to take two doses they can take tablets daily for the next two days.

If they miss greater than 3 doses they need to begin a new cycle of tablets 7 days after the LMP.

400

What are the contraindications for anticoagulants? 

Known allergy 

Conditions that could be compromised by increased bleeding tendencies

Warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy (Heparin is used during pregnancy)

400

Drug-Drug Interactions for Heparin 

Any drugs that increase bleeding risk 

Warfarin interacts with many drugs so it is safest practice to always check and ask the patient which medications they are currently taking in addition to herbal preparations.

500

List a common adverse effect of Iron preparations.

GI upset and dark green stool. 

500

What is included in the "Black-Box Warning" for patients taking anabolic steroids? 

Serious effects of liver tumors (Hepatic Carcinoma) and changes in lipid levels. 

500
Describe the action of anticoagulants. 

Inhibit the formation of clots. 

500

What is the therapeutic level for Warfarin? 

Prothrombin Time (PT) - 1.3 to 1.5 times the control value

International Normalized Ratio (INR) - 2 to 3.5