Delirium, Dementia and Depression
What does CAM stand for?
Confusion Assessment Methos
what percentage of Canadian seniors experience a fall each year?
20-30%
why are the elderly targeted? (4 reasons)
availability
loneliness
sickness
prosperity
nonfatal - conditions that contribute to disability but people can live with them for many years
serious/potentially fatal
frailty -condition where the body has few reserves left and any disturbances can cause multiple health conditions
type of urinary incontinence types
transient - acute (sudden onset - 6 months or less), caused by treatable factor
established - chronic (gradual or sudden onset) - mixed incontinence (involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency and w/o effort (sneezing, coughing) - functional (imparied mobility, environmental barrier, cognitive impairment)
delirium - rapid (hours to days)
Dementia - gradual
extrinsic factors and intrinsic fall causes (3 each)
extrinsic - floors, lighting, stairs, pets, layout
intrinsic - age, history of falls, medications, cognitive impairment,
types of elder abuse
chronic illness trajectory (8 phases)
preventative, definitive, crisis, acute, stable, unstable, downward, dying
Xerosis and Pruritus
Xerosis - extremely dry, cracked and itchy skin - most common skin condition of older people
Pruritus - itchy skin, exacerbated by detergents, heat, temp, pressure, sweating, fatigue, and exercise
4 A's of delirium assessment
Alertness, AMT4, Attention, Acute Change/fluctuating course
age related vison changes - presbyopia, nuclear sclerosis, retina
presbyopia - reduced ability to focus on near objects
nuclear sclerosis - hardening of the lens retina has decreased photoreceptors
describe aging in place
having access to services and the health and the social supports you need to livbe safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as they wish or able
competencies to improve care for chronic illness (PPQIP)
patient centered care, partnering, quality improvement, information and communication technology, public heath perspective
social dimension of sexuality
interpersonal relationships, influences by learned behaviours,
Pharmacological Interventions Delirium
benzo's, psychotropic medications
2 types of hearing loss
conductive hearing loss - involves external and middle ear abnormalities that reduce the transmission of sound to the middle ear
sensorineural hearing loss - damage to any part of the inner ear or neural pathways to the brain - trauma, infection, vascular disease, autoimmune, ototoxic medications
3 types of models of aging in place - and what is aim
place-based models - aim to change or enhance the physical or social environments of older adults to support their independence
Care-based models - focus on coordinating and providing care services to community-dwelling older adults
technology-based models - aim to increase the uptake of technologies developed to support older adults in maintaining independence at home
Medication absorption and aging
gastric pH, stomach emptying, gastrointestinal mobility, other medications,
(Distribution = reduction in albumin, body composition)
(metabolism = metabolic rate and liver)
(excretion = comorbidities, kidney function)
psychological dimension of sexuality
persons attitudes, feelings towards self and others and learning from experiences
5 types of dementia
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Frontotemporal Dementias (FTD), Vascular diseases
Rinne test vs Weber test
normal - air conduction lasts longer than bone conduction, conductive - bone conduction lasts longer or is equal to air conduction, senorineural - air conduction lasts longer than bone conduction
Weber - localization
normal- sound is equal bilaterally, conductive - sound lateralizes to impaired ear, senorineural - sounds lateralizes to good ear
what is the national seniors strategy?
enhancements to guaranteed income - the goal of ensuring no older Canadians fall below the poverty line
promote health literacy, informed decision making, and advanced care planning
Palliative Performance Scale (PPS)
100% = full normal activity
0% = death
theoretical perspectives
minority stress theory-minority groups experience chronic stress due to societal discrimination and stigma, leading to increased risk of negative mental and physical health outcomes.
life course perspective - a multidisciplinary approach that examines how individuals' lives, structural contexts, and social change unfold over time, focusing on the interplay of historical events, timing of events, and the interconnectedness of lives