21 - Topic 2.1-2.2

Context

1

Between 1200 and 1450, ECONOMIC activity along existing trade routes INCREASED in both volume and scope.  Name the three factors that drove this increased economic activity.  

Technological and commercial innovations

Imperial Expansion

Demand for Luxury Goods

2

A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to __________, __________, and ___________ diffusion within and between various societies.  Fill in all three blanks.

Cultural

Biological

Technological

3

What role do powerful states and empires play in the increasing volume and geographical reach of trade during the period 1200 to 1450?

tl;dr - they unify people under commercially friendly laws, allowing for the safe transport of goods across long distances.  They consolidate raw materials and manufacturing.  Promote trade.  Keep safety along trade routes.

4

Name 5 luxury goods that drove trade during this period.

silk, cotton textiles, porcelain, spices, salt, precious metals (like gold) and gems, slaves, exotic animals (like horses), fruits, tea.

5

The Topic 1200 to 1450 features many key Empires or Dynasties...name them (no, Kingdoms don't count).

Byzantine Empire

Abbasid Caliphate

Mamluk Sultanate

Seljuk Empire

Delhi Sultanate

Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty

Mongolian Empire

Mongol Khanates

Mali Empire

Songhai Empire

Incan Empire

Aztec Empire

Srivijaya Empire

Majapahit Empire

The Silk Roads

1

What technological innovations allowed for safer and more practical travel along the Silk Road?

Caravan

2

Which event opened Europe up directly with Silk Road Trade?

Crusades

3

Name two caravanserai turned trade cities along the Silk Road.

Kashgar

Samarkand

4

Name four pieces of "new" technology that facilitated trade on the Silk Road.

caravans, camel saddle, magnetic compass, rudder, junk, astrolabe.

5

Name five religions you'd be likely to see along the Silk Roads.

Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism.

Economy

1

China's economy was described as a...

Money Economy.

2

The Chinese government would create a system of credit that would facilitate ease of trade.  What is it called?

Flying cash

3

Flying cash allowed a person to deposit _____________ under their name in one location and allowed them to take money out at another.

Paper Money

4

Locations for flying cash and deposits of paper. money are called _________________.

There, they can present a _________________ - a document stating the holder is legally promised payment of a set amount on a set date.

Banking Houses

Bill of Exchange

5

This European alliance controlled trade in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.  Members of this alliance were able to drive away piracy and monopolize the sale of certain goods in an effort to protect merchants and facilitate greater trade.  It would last until the 17th century when governments could do this for them (because tax money is cool)

Hanseatic League

...The Mongols

1

This was the primary form of expansion by the Mongols under Temujin (Genghis Khan).

Military Expansion

2

What exactly made the Mongol army so effective and feared? Name two things.

Strong on horseback

Proficient with the short bow

Disciplined with strong communication

Superior military strategies

Superior military technology (short bow, siege weapons)

3

Genghis Khan's social policies were considered pretty liberal for their day...name one.

religious toleration

using former soldiers as peace keepers and facilitators of trade on the Silk Road

4

The Mongol Empire would fracture...making four different khanates.  Name'em.  All 4.

Yuan Dynasty (China) Golden Horde (Russia), Ilkhanate (Persia), Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia)

5

Yeah, the Mongols are one group of nomadic peoples in the Asian Steppe, but Topic 1 and 2 has mentioned numerous nomadic peoples in this region.  Name 

Tatars

Naimans

Merkits

Xiongnu

Uyghurs

Turks (including the Seljuks)

Jurchens

The Khanates and Beyond...

1

Who is the famous Khan of the Yuan Dynasty

Kublai Khan

2

Hulegu and other Mongols living in the Ilkhanate would convert to this religion?

Local Persians would be incorporated into the new state how?

Islam

Become ministers, local officials, bureaucrats, tax collectors.

3

What effects did the Mongol Golden Horde have on the development of Russia?

Widespread death from Mongol attacks/war.

Value a strong central leader (which we see to this very day and through each stage of Russian history)

Severed ties with Western Europe and made Russia develop a distinctly unique Russian culture.

4

What policies did Kublai Khan enact in China that gained him wider support?

Religious toleration to former oppressed groups like Buddhists and Daoists.  Was also tolerant to Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

Women saw greater independence.  

5

Name the LONG TERM IMPACTS of the Mongolian Invasions

Largest continuous land empire in history.

Revitalized Trade through the development of roads and protection of trade routes with military and laws.

Increased interactions led to increased cultural exchanges.

Spread of the bubonic plague.

Understood centralized governments and a universal law code...the areas they conquered would employ centralized governments to this very day.

Fighting techniques.

Spread of gunpowder - siege weapons, cannons, and gunpowder would transfer all the way to Europe.