Advanced Airways
What are the two types of intubation?
Orotracheal & Nasotracheal
(p. 1025)
What are the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
(p. 347)
What drug class are seizure medications?
Benzodiazepines
(chapter 15)
What are the small airways that branch from the bronchi and lead toward the alveoli?
Bronchioles
(p. 1095)
What medication is commonly given as an antiplatelet medication for suspected ACS?
Aspirin
(p. 921-923)
What are the two different types of blades?
Miller & Macintosh
(p. 1026)
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?
The sympathetic nervous system.
(p. 347)
What are the brand names of Diazepam, Lorazepam, & Midazolam?
Valium, Ativan, & Versed
(p. 309, 924, & 926)
Where does the majority of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occur?
The alveoli
(p. 1096)
A patient with ACS has recently taken sildenafil. What medication should be avoided and why?
Nitroglycerin - both medications promote vasodilation
(p. 930)
If vomit is emitted from the ET tube, what should you do?
Inflate the distal cuff, turn the tube to the side, and continue ventilating with BVM.
(p. 1034)
What are the three major adrenergic receptors that paramedics should know?
Alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors.
(p. 337)
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
Inhibits GABA receptors & depresses the CNS
(p. 309, 924, & 926)
What structure carries air from the larynx toward the bronchi?
The trachea
(p. 1096)
What medication class includes metoprolol, labetalol, and propranolol?
Beta blockers
(p. 908-910)
What does LEMON stand for?
L: look externally E: evaluate 3-3-2 M: mallampati classification O: obstruction N: neck mobility
(p. 1023)
What are the major effects of stimulating alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors?
Alpha-1: Vasoconstriction → increased blood pressure
Beta-1: Increased heart rate and contractility
Beta-2: Bronchodilation and smooth-muscle relaxation
(p. 337)
What major respiratory complication must be monitored for after administering a benzodiazepine?
Respiratory depression / failure
(p. 1338-1339)
What structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing?
Epiglottis
(p. 1096)
What type of medication is furosemide, and why is it useful in heart failure?
Loop diuretic- promotes fluid removal, manages fluid overload & pulmonary edema
(p. 925)
When performing a nasotracheal intubation, what do you use to guide a tube into the trachea?
Spontaneous respirations
(p. 1043)
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
(p. 337)
What medication is used for eclamptic seizures?
Magnesium
(p. 1339)
Explain how air travels from the upper airway to the location where gas exchange occurs.
Air travels through the upper airway, to the larynx, then trachea, then bronchi, then bronchioles, then alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood.
(p. 1095-1100)
Why are nonselective beta blockers a concern in patients with asthma?
They block beta-2 receptors, which can cause bronchoconstriction.
(p. 908)