oh no, I got pulled over in my vehicle :(
Police need only probable cause to search a car or similar type of motor vehicle (e.g., a boat or airplane). No warrant is necessary.
Automobile Exception
This requires that a warrant must include a specific place and items to be searched or the individual(s) to be arrested. A warrant application cannot be broad.
The particularity requirement
The exposure of luggage to THIS drug-sniffing animal at an airport does not constitute a meaningful interference with the luggage owner’s possessory interest.
A dog.
Unlike a breath test, police officers generally need a warrant to take this from a suspected drunk driver.
A blood test.
Under the FRCRP, search warrants typically must be executed within these many days of their issuance (unless an earlier date is specified).
14 days.
An area of the car that is not within arm's reach of the arrestee that is still considered subject to search
What is the trunk (boot if you're in England)
This warrant may be issued if there is probable cause to believe that the evidence will be at that location at a future time after the occurrence of a triggering event.
Anticipatory search warrant
When police meaningfully interfere with the defendant’s possessory interest in the item.
seizure of property
a cotenant may consent to searches of the common areas of a dwelling but not to a tenant’s room or other private spaces in the dwelling.
What is third-party consent.
Under the FRCrP, search warrants typically must be executed during these hours, unless the judge determines there is good cause to execute the warrant at some other time.
Between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.
A location of a vehicle that will make it not subject to the automobile exception
curtilage of a home
When police officers use an anonymous tip to make a determination regarding probable cause, a court will look at the totality of the circumstances, including
1) the veracity or reliability of the tip (i.e., whether the informant is truthful); and (2) the basis of the informant’s knowledge (i.e., how the informant obtained the information).
A person is seized for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when.
that person would reasonably believe that he was not free to leave or otherwise terminate the encounter.
The plain feel doctrine applies when a police officer conducts a lawful pat-down search and detects an object by touch that the officer immediately recognizes to be a weapon or contraband.
Plain feel doctrine.
This type of violation will not lead to the evidence obtained being excluded, so long as the officer has complied with other Fourth Amendment requirements.
If the suspect is stopped in a vehicle, then the officer can require the suspect to exit the vehicle
Terry Stop
This person must review the warrant application and approve it, finding that there is probable cause.
A neutral and detached magistrate judge.
A suspect normally has no obligation to answer questions during a stop, although many jurisdictions require by statute that the suspect give the officer the suspect’s.
name and address.
These types of searches include: DUI checkpoints, license and registration checkpoints, airport screenings, public employee drug testing, and metal detectors at public buildings.
Special-needs searches.
This type of warrant is unnecessary when the police are executing a valid arrest warrant in the suspect's home.
A search warrant.
As opposed to fixed checkpoints, these checkpoints allow officers to stop vehicles only for a brief inquiry, where agents are aware of specific facts that reasonably warrant suspicion that an automobile contains undocumented persons.
What is a Roving checkpoint
Under Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978), a defendant may invalidate a warrant where:
(1) the officer knowingly and intentionally, or with reckless disregard for the truth, included a false statement in the affidavit; and (2) the false statement was necessary to the magistrate judge’s probable-cause determination.
Police holding a defendant's mail for this many days would constitute a seizure
Ten days.
Searches of lawfully impounded property may be conducted without a warrant
Inventory searches.
This will lead to exclusion where police obtain evidence from a person’s body through means that are egregiously invasive, threatening the person’s health and safety.
Methods that shock the conscience.