21 Russian (start here)
What were three key things about Russia's government/ politics that were connected/were long-term problems leading to Russia's revolution?
-Czar/tsars were all-powerful, autocrats. much like king Louie!
-Middle class/ nobles/ educated people wanted say in government (had none)
-Tzar Alexader III reverts reforms and increased censorhip
What war was a hugeee cause to the Russian Revolution?
When Russia joined this war, how were they doing? name 2 key things that happened
Who took direct military command by going to the front lines, who did they leave in charge of domestic affairs?
-WWI
-They did NOT know how to fight well. β there were 2 million deaths β‘ Food scarcity and Inflation ensued because R. wasn't doing well on the battlefield
-Ts Nick left, Tsarina (Alexandra) in charge at home
After what event did Britain have direct control of India? what was the name of Britain controlling India?
Who was in control of India? (main guy + the group)
-After the Sepoy Rebellion; the British Raj
-Viceroy (governer sent from Britain) and the Indian Civil Service (bureaucracy that was bascially all British ppl)
What happens in the Revolution of 1911?
What is the Kuomintang, who led it, what did they want to do with China and how?
What did the Republic of China flag represent?
-The emperor, a baby named Puyi, is overthrown by the Kuomintang, overthrowing the Qing dynasty (Manchurian dynasty). The KMT overthrew at this moment because the main power was weak
-A political party; Sun Yat-sen; improve china following the Three Principles of the People: β π΅ππππππππππ; we have to regain pride after years of foreigners humiliating us β‘π«ππππππππ; need to change our government from monarchy, BUT only Chinese ppl can vote β’π³πππππππππ ; we have to improve the economic prosperity for the average person
-Ethnic groups of China
Which nation's military was gaining influence in the 1930s?
What was the first attack this military did?
Who did this military first kill?
Do they kill anyone else?
-Japan
-1931: Japanese troops blew up a railway, blamed China, and attacked. They got Manchuria and put Puyi in "power" (he's a puppet)
-The Prime Minister of Japan(1932) **
-Yes; 1936, Coup d'etat leads to more deaths of ppl in Japanese Gov't **
** these things were done by a very pro-military group in Japan that disagreed with the gov't
What were three key things about Russia's economy that were connected/were long-term problems leading to Russia's revolution?
-Was late to industrialize, so behind the rest of Europe and still agriculture-focused economy for a while
-Serfs/peasants were very much broke and lived in poverty with no/few rights
-When the serfs were freed (serfdom was abolished) many nobles went bankrupt! (had to go to cities and build factories)
Who was Grigori Rasputin? Why in the world did the Royal family like him?
What was Rasputin's prophecy?
Why was he assassinated?
-Was a guy that converted to a part of Russia Orthodox that believes in sinning, like sinning=good Wandered around Russia, gaining reputation, eventually reaching royal fam. He "heals" their son Alexi, cause he tells them to stop giving him medicine. The doctors were giving a bloodthinner to this kid with hemophelia π€¦ Anyways, this "Mad Monk" becomes a key advisor!
"If I die, or the royal family leaves me, their son and crown would soon be gone"
Some nobles (like Yusupov) felt like he had too much of an influence on Tsar fam, especially when Tsarina was left in control of domestic stuff. So they β try poisoning some pastries w/ cyanide, guy doesn't put in poison β‘ Shoot him, think he's dead, but he's actually alive!! β’ shoot him in the head, actually dead
What was Britain interested in with their rule in India?3 examples
What did India do during WWI?
-PROFITING money money money
β Infrastructure-->Extraction
β‘ Cash Crops --> Famine (Great Indian Famine 10 mil dead)
β’Education --> Westernization
-Played a key role in helping Britain (allied powers) by sending troops and resources
What did China do during WWI? What did China hope for after the war?
What happened at the Paris Peace Conference (relating to China?)
-Helped the Allied powers by building trenches and providing factory labor; improvements+more rights+more self-rule
-PPC did not benefit China; Shandong Province transferred from German occupation to Japanese, not to China
Does Japan('s military get in trouble for its actions against China?
How does Japan launch a full-scale invasion of China (what specific event started it)? what were they seeking to gain?
-nope (not yet at least)
-Marco Polo Bridge Incident; some guy from J side of MP Bridge thought to be missing, J troops go to C side to ask if they can look around, C says no, shooting begins. guy was in the bathroom
-Seeking to conquer East Asia and get rid of Western Influence
What were two key things about Russia's ideology that were connected/were long-term problems leading to Russia's revolution?
-Smart, educated, upper class citizens formed the Intelligentsia. Revolutionary groups came from the Intelligentsia, and they wanted to overthrow the government
-Some groups only way for change to happen was terrorism, so they assassinated Tsar Alexander II
Ok so, war is still going on and its March 1917. What happens during the February Revolution (say everything), and wait why is it called that?
*Called Feb rev because Russia was using Orthodox calender which differs by a few weeks*
-Women start protesting+doing strikes in St Petersburg, want food, end of war, and Tsar out of power.
-Tsar orders soldiers to shoot at the protesters, but soldiers don't shoot. Tsar has lost his authority!!
-Tsar forced to abdicate, he and his fam are house arrested. The Duma forms the Provisional Government, in place Tsar, and promise elections will be held (ppl want democracy ya kno). BUT Prov. Gov't keeps Russia in war
What did India hope for after WWI, what actually happened?
What was the Amritsar Massacre?
-Hoped for "self-rule", wanted more rights and independence. Britain passed harsh laws, limited freedom, and arrested revolutionary leaders
-British Gen ordered mass fire on nonviolent protesters, 400 killed
What group in China had a strong reaction to the outcome of the PPC? what did it do?
WHEN did this happen, what was it called?
-The youth; did mass protests in Beijing (Tiananmen square to be specific) wanted to get rid of foreigners and capitalism (? not 100% sure abt wants)
-May 1919; May 4th Movement
Who was the last Tsar? describe him, what was is his nickname and how'd he get it? Who was his wife
What was the Russo-Japanese War?
-Tsar Nicholas II (ill be calling him Ts. Nick)
-"Nicholas the Bloody" with promises of goodies during his coronation, a crowd crush resulted in many deaths
-Wife= Alexandra (German princess)
-Ts Nick held a grudge, was nearly assassinated in Japan, so when Japan started war to get Manchuria and Korea, Russia jumped to fight. Russia lost
Fast forward (April 1917), some guy, the leader of the ____, returns from exile with the help of ___ after hearing the Tsar had stepped down from power
October Revolution! The ___ overthrow what governing body and what did this group promise?
-Vladimir Lenin; _Bolsheviks_; _Germany_
-_Bolsheviks_; overthrew the Provisional Government, promising Russia will withdraw from WWI
Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
What did he believe in?
What did he launch?
What was The Salt March and the Khadi Movement
-Leader of the Indian National Congress following the Amritsar massacre, well-educated and had lawyer knowledge.
!Be peaceful, make Britain the bad guy, take the punches
-Campaign of civil disobedience known as satyagraha "truth force"
-TSM: there was a tax on salt/ getting/ producing, very bad for poor people, Gandhi organized a march to the sea to collect salt in civil disobedience
-KM: boycotting British products and living a simple life.
What effect did the May 4th Movement have on many people in China? What was born?
Who was the founder of the CCP?
-People became radicalized; birth of Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
-Mao Zedong
-What was the "Bloody Sunday"?
After this event, there were more protests, so what did Ts. Nick do?
-Peaceful protesters, wanting rights, go to the Winter Palace (St Petersburg) where they are shot at by soldiers
-He made minor reforms to pacify the people. β The Duma was formed (national legislature) β‘ Granted Civil liberties
Russian Civil War
Did everyone like the Bolsheviks? what main groups emerged?
How did the group that was victorious win the civil war?
-no, ppl challenged their power; Red Army=Bolsheviks, communists; White Army= some want monarchy, some democracy, all hate Red; Green Army=Peasants/farmers who wanted peace and didn't like what was going on
-Red used 3 main extreme policies: β War Communism: taking farms and factories for own benefit β‘Red Terror: life France's Reign of Terror β’ Assassinated the Romanov family (no more tsars!)
When WWII broke out, did most Indians join in helping Briain again? Why or why not? What terms did the Indians want?
What group portested the war, which supported it?
in 1947, what did India finally get? but what changed?
GANDHI IS ASSASINATED FOLLOWING PARTITION
-Most ignored the call to fight, wanted Independence and didn't want this to end like WWI. Would join if given Independence first, but Britain wasn't agreeing.
-Indian National Congress (Gandhi's group) protested; Muslim Legue (minorty group of Muslim Indians) supported
-Independence!! but India was split into India (hindu population) and Pakistan (Muslim population, also some was in the east and some in the west)
In 1931, ___ and the ____ established what in China?
Did the KMT like this?
How did the KMT respond? What was the Long March
_Mao_(Zedong)_; _CCP_; Independent Chinese Soviet Republic
-no
-Chinese Civil war started; 1934 KMT, led by Chiang Kai-Shek, attacked the CCP w/ a lot of force, forcing them on a year-long retreat called The Long March
-The Long March: total 6,ooo miles traveled, only 8,ooo survivers, enough to keep CCP going