Membrane Mastery
These sugar-decorated molecules are found on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane.
What are glycoproteins?
Transporters that use ATP to move solutes against gradients perform this process.
What is active transport?
The end product of glycolysis is this 3-carbon compound.
What is pyruvate?
Cellular respiration completely oxidizes food molecules into these two products.
What are CO₂ and H₂O?
The 2-carbon molecule entering the TCA cycle
What is acetyl-CoA?
This term describes the rare movement of phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
What is flip-flop diffusion?
The Na⁺/K⁺ pump moves how many Na⁺ and K⁺ per cycle?
What is 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in?
Glycolysis nets this many ATP and NADH molecules per glucose.
What are 2 ATP and 2 NADH?
This molecule is the terminal electron acceptor in the ETC.
What is O₂?
The TCA cycle occurs in this compartment
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
This enzyme catalyzes lipid movement between monolayers in the ER randomly.
What is scramblase?
These channels open and close randomly to help set the resting potential.
What are K⁺ leak channels?
Enzymes that produce ATP in glycolysis.
What is phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
This enzyme complex catalyzes the reduction of O₂ to H₂O.
What is cytochrome oxidase?
what does the citric acid cycle yield per turn?
One turn of the TCA cycle produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH₂, and 1 GTP
This enzyme transfers specific lipids between layers in the Golgi.
What is flippase?
At the peak of an action potential, which ion’s movement repolarizes the membrane?
What is K⁺ efflux?
The rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis.
What is phosphofructokinase (PFK)?
Name where the TCA cycle, glycolysis and electron transport chain occur?
glycolysis : cytosol
ETC : inner mitochondria membrane
TCA : mitochondria matrix
The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the TCA cycle and enzyme that catalyzes the laststep.
citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase
What is membrane asymmetry?
The ER and Golgi establish this important characteristic of membranes.
These neurotransmitters open Cl⁻ channels to inhibit firing.
What are GABA and glycine?
When oxygen is absent, yeast use these two enzymes to make ethanol.
What are pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase?
The proton electrochemical gradient drives this ATP-producing process.
What is chemiosmotic coupling (ATP synthase)?
This molecule acts as the link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle. What is the complex called?
What is pyruvate → acetyl CoA? pyruvate dehydrogenase complex