Oxygenation
What is the first nursing intervention when a patient is in bed and has low SpO₂?
Raise the head of the bed (high Fowler’s)
Why is it important to rotate application sites?
Prevent skin irritation or breakdown
Why should enteric-coated tablets not be crushed?
They are designed to dissolve in the intestine, not the stomach
What is the preferred IM injection site for adults?
Ventrogluteal
What angle is used for S/C injections?
45–90 degrees, depending on needle length and fat layer
What device delivers 1–6 L/min of oxygen?
Nasal cannula
What is a key instruction for nitroglycerin patch use?
Remove at night to avoid tolerance
Which patient instructions are correct when administering a buccal medication?
Hold the medication against the cheek and gum membranes. OR
Avoid administering anything by mouth until the medication has completely dissolved.
What gauge needle is typically used for IM injections?
21–23 gauge
What is the maximum volume for a S/C injection?
1.5 mL
What is the purpose of pursed-lip breathing?
Promotes CO₂ elimination and improves ventilation in COPD
How can you enhance the absorption of percutaneous medications?
Apply heat
What nursing action is required if a patient refuses medication?
Document refusal and notify the prescriber
Why is the Z-track method used for IM injections?
Prevents medication leakage and irritation
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous heparin injection. What site should be avoided and why?
The nurse should avoid injecting near the umbilicus
What is a complication of prolonged high-flow oxygen therapy?
Oxygen toxicity
Why must drops and solutions instilled into the ear be sterile?
In case the eardrum is ruptured
Your elderly patient has difficulty swallowing pills. What alternatives should you consider,
Call pharmacist and consider liquid forms or crushed medications
How do you locate the ventrogluteal site for an IM injection?
Place the heel of your hand on the greater trochanter, index finger on the anterior superior iliac spine, and spread the middle finger toward the iliac crest; inject in the triangle formed.
A patient receiving daily subcutaneous insulin develops hardened lumps at the injection sites. What is the likely cause
The lumps are likely due to lipodystrophy
What breath sounds are associated with fluid in the alveoli?
Crackles
What position should the ear be on for Adults receiving ear drops
Pull the pinna up and outward
A nurse administers a medication at the correct time, dose, and route, but to the wrong patient. Which "Right" was violated?
Right patient
A nurse is preparing to give a 3 mL IM injection. Which site is most appropriate?
The ventrogluteal or vastus lateralis site,
Name two medication that are administered S/C
Heparin and insulin