VOCAB
The definition of purpose is:
a.To provide a step-by-step guide
b. The intended goal of a written work
c. To convince a reader to believe an idea or take action
d. with no result or effect; pointlessly.
b. the reason why an author wrote a piece, or the intended goal of a written work
a logical process that uses general ideas to form specific conclusions.
Deductive Reasoning
Sarah notices that every time she eats strawberries, she gets a rash. She also notices her friend, who is allergic to strawberries, gets the same rash. From this, Sarah concludes she is also allergic to strawberries. What type of reasoning is Sarah using?
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Abductive reasoning
c) Inductive reasoning
d) Logical fallacy
c) Inductive reasoning
"Studies by Harvard University have shown a correlation between decreased student engagement and online learning formats, particularly for younger learners. This is likely due to the lack of immediate social interaction and the potential for distractions at home."
Effective
The exam was a piece of cake
Metaphor
The definition of allusion is:
a. a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses.
b. proceeding in a straight course or manner : direct, undeviating.
c. a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance
d. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
c. a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance
Inductive Reasoning
All mammals have fur. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog has fur. This is an example of:
a) Abductive reasoning
b) Inductive reasoning
c) Deductive reasoning
d) Analogical reasoning
c) Deductive reasoning
"Everyone knows that online learning is terrible. It's just not the same as being in a classroom."
Ineffective
We went whale watching
Alliteration
The definition of rhetorical appeal is:
a. persuasive strategies used in writing to convince an audience.
b. an appeal to ethics or the character of the speaker
c. an appeal to emotion
d. an appeal to logic or reason
a. persuasive strategies used in writing to convince an audience.
inference to the best explanation
Abductive Reasoning
Every time the bell rings, the students leave the classroom. Therefore, the bell ringing causes the students to leave the classroom. This is an example of which type of reasoning that can lead to a potentially flawed conclusion?
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Abductive reasoning
c) Syllogistic reasoning
d) Inductive reasoning
d) Inductive reasoning
"Based on my 15 years of experience in this field, I've observed that wearing a hard hat consistently leads to increased safety. This is supported by OSHA policies."
Effective
How should I know?
Rhetorical Question
The definition of fallacy is:
a. a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses
b. the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named
c. a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words
d. an illogical argument that uses faulty reasoning or false evidence
d. an illogical argument that uses faulty reasoning or false evidence
All dogs chase squirrels
Generalization
The classroom window is open, and all the papers on the teacher's desk are scattered. The teacher concludes that a gust of wind blew through the window. This is an example of:
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Abductive reasoning
c) Inductive reasoning
d) Causal reasoning
b) Abductive reasoning
"If we allow students to use cell phones in class, they'll never learn anything, and our schools will fall apart."
Ineffective
Hope for the best; prepare for the worst
Antithesis
Question:
An author wants to clearly show how a caterpillar changes into a butterfly. Which organizational structure would BEST help them convey this meaning?
a) Cause and Effect
b) Compare and Contrast
c) Chronological Order (Sequence)
d) Problem and Solution
c) Chronological Order (Sequence)
Attacking the person making an argument instead of the argument itself
Ad hominem
You notice that your favorite author always uses vivid imagery and strong verbs in their writing. Based on this pattern, you predict that their next book will also feature vivid imagery and strong verbs. This is an example of:
a) Deductive reasoning
b) Abductive reasoning
c) Inductive reasoning
d) Hypothetical reasoning
c) Inductive reasoning
What would make this argument more effective?
"Everyone is buying that new video game, so it must be good."
Facts, Statistics, Sales Reports
"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation"
Allusion