WMM model 1
Visuospatial sketchpad can be further divided into two components. True/False
True. The visuospatial sketchpad helps us remember not only what visual information is important, but also where it is.
There is a lack of biological support for Working memory model. True/False
False. The case study of KF provides biological support to the Working memory model.
True or False. Phonological similarity effect can be explained by working memory model.
True.
Explain the function of the ‘central executive’
The central executive has the capacity to focus attention, to divide attention between two or more sources and to switch attention from one task to another.
Two functions of inner voice (Articulatory rehearsal component)
1. it turns visual stimuli into sounds.
2. it allows the rehearsal of information held in the inner ear. By constantly repeating the words, we are increasing the duration of working memory and increasing the chances of transferring the information further into long-term memory storage.
What is meant by the term “articulatory suppression task?”
Articulatory suppression is the process of inhibiting memory performance by speaking while being presented with an item to remember. These tasks interfere with the processing in the phonological loop.
Give an example of episodic buffer.
The memory of a story, event or movie scene.
Identify one strength of working memory model.
1. it acknowledges that there is more than one type of STM, it also includes a wide range of mental processes, such as attention, reasoning, reading, comprehension, problem-solving and spatial and visual processing.
2. The model also explains the execution of everyday tasks. This model helps us to understand why we are able to multi-task in some situations and not in others.
3. The model is supported by considerable empirical evidence.
4. The WMM suggests practical applications; especially for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) relating to impairments of working memory (WM).
Identify one weakness of Working Memory model.
1.There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.
2. It is impossible to measure this separately from the capacity of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad. The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
3. lt does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.
4. This model does not explain memory distortion or the role of emotion in memory formation.
How does the results from Landry and Bartling (2011) support Working memory model?
Articulatory suppression is preventing rehearsal (inner voice) in the phonological loop because of overload. It results in less accurate working memory.
Rashine found it difficult to revise while listening to music. Rashine’s teacher said that the working memory model could explain this.
Explain, using the working memory model, why Rashine found it difficult to revise while listening to music.
Working memory splits short-term memory into different parts, including phonological loop. By listening to music and trying to revise at the same time, Rashine is trying to use the phonological loop for both activities. The phonological loop has limited capacity, and so Rashine cannot cope with two auditory tasks simultaneously and is finding it difficult to revise.
Explain how does the word length effect support Working memory model.
The word length effect is explained because articulation patterns of longer words are also longer. In a given amount of time you can subvocally pronounce fewer long words than short words.
Patient PV (Vallar & Baddeley, 1984). This patient had a left hemisphere stroke which resulted in brain damage in the left hemisphere, which resulted in the extremely poor recall of verbal material but showed no visual memory impairment.
How do they support the Working Memory Model? What do they teach us about the STM system?
Yes, it indicates that STM can be subdivided into different Part. Phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are two independent subcomponents.
How does the study of Baddeley and Hitch support working memory model?
The verbal reasoning task made use of the central executive and the digit span task made use of the phonological loop. Working memory as Baddeley and Hitch prefer to call it, consists of several different components which can work independently of one another.
Explain the reason that the capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
When George Floyd was killed by an act of police brutality, this sparked riots across the United States.
Using the terms we learned in the social identity theory to explain this example.
This could be explained by social categorization; when African-Americans see Floyd in the news, they identify with him as members of his in-group. But this is also social identification - that is, as their esteem is tied to their group, they see the actions taken by the police as a threat to their group's identity and safety. Finally, this could also be explained by out-group homogeneity bias - that is, that every police officer is seen as an oppressor.
What was the role of the control group in the study conducted by Bandura et al?
The goal of the control group was to see what would happen if children were simply put into a room with a Bobo. Would they just naturally beat it up? And if so, to what level? This is important to make sure that it was not the choice of the Bobo doll, rather than the observed behavior of the models, that lead to the child's behavior.