Movement Masters
This framework introduced by the WHO in 2001 uses a biopsychosocial model to describe health and disability.
What is the ICF?
This type of ROM is produced entirely by an external force.
What is PROM?
This tissue response results in permanent increases in tissue length.
What is Plastic Deformation?
This accessory motion is the primary motion used to restore joint play during mobilization.
What is a glide (slide)?
This principle states muscles must be challenged beyond their current capacity to improve.
What is the Overload Principle?
This is the gold-standard measurement of aerobic fitness.
What is VO₂ Max?
This sensory system provides information about head position relative to gravity and head acceleration.
What is the vestibular system?
Therapeutic exercise is defined as the planned and systematic use of these three things.
What are movement, posture, and physical activity?
AROM requires this from the patient.
What is voluntary muscle contraction?
The sensory receptor primarily responsible for the stretch reflex.
What is the Muscle Spindle?
According to the convex-concave rule, when a convex surface moves, the glide occurs in this direction relative to bone motion.
What is the opposite direction?
Power equals force multiplied by this variable.
What is speed?
This aquatic property creates an upward force opposing gravity.
What is buoyancy?
Falls occur when the center of mass moves beyond these boundaries.
What are the limits of stability (LOS)?
This stage of motor learning is characterized by frequent errors and the need for significant feedback.
What is the Cognitive Stage?
This occurs when a multi-joint muscle becomes too shortened to generate maximal force.
What is Active Insufficiency?
This stretching technique combines stretching with muscle contractions to increase ROM.
What is PNF Stretching?
The resting position of the tibiofemoral joint is:
What is 25 degrees of knee flexion?
This muscle fiber type is highly fatigue resistant and primarily used for endurance activities.
What is Type I?
The ATP-PC system primarily supplies energy for activities lasting approximately this long.
What is 0-30 seconds?
A wider base of support generally increases this.
What is stability?
A patient who cannot reach overhead due to adhesive capsulitis is experiencing this ICF component.
What is an Activity Limitation?
A patient following rotator cuff repair is not permitted to contract the involved muscles. Which ROM type would be most appropriate?
What is PROM?
A patient has limited ankle dorsiflexion when the knee is extended. Which muscle is most likely restricting motion?
What is the Gastrocnemius?
To improve ankle dorsiflexion, the therapist glides the talus in this direction.
What is posteriorly?
A patient can lower a weight but cannot lift it. This contraction is occurring.
What is an eccentric contraction?
A sedentary older adult would most appropriately complete this fitness assessment.
What is 6-10%?
A patient is standing on a foam surface. Which sensory systems become more important?
What are the visual and vestibular systems?
A PTA develops an exercise program based on research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. This clinical approach is called:
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
A therapist observes increased swelling, redness, and pain following ROM exercises. This suggests:
What is excessive or inappropriate motion?
To effectively stretch the rectus femoris, the therapist combines these two joint motions.
What are Hip Extension and Knee Flexion?
Grade I and II mobilizations primarily treat this impairment.
What is pain?
A squat is an example of this type of exercise.
What is a closed-chain exercise?
A patient becomes dizzy after prolonged bedrest when standing. The most likely cause is:
What is orthostatic hypotension?
A patient experiences a small, slow perturbation while standing on a firm surface. Which balance strategy is most likely used?
What is the ankle strategy?
A patient with chronic low back pain wants to return to gardening. According to patient-centered management, intervention selection should primarily focus on improving this.
What is function and participation?
A patient has weakness preventing completion of shoulder flexion through full range. The therapist uses a wand to assist movement. Which ROM category is being used?
What is Active-Assistive ROM (A-AROM)?
A therapist applies low-load prolonged stretching using a dynamic splint over several hours. Which stretching mode is being used?
What is Mechanical Stretching?
A patient demonstrates pain before tissue resistance. The most appropriate treatment focus is:
What are gentle pain-relieving mobilizations?
A patient 2 weeks post-op cannot tolerate joint motion. Which exercise type is most appropriate?
What is an isometric muscle-setting exercise?
A cardiac stress test should be terminated immediately if this symptom develops.
What is angina (chest pain)?
A patient is stable during the day but becomes very unsteady when walking in a dark room. What balance problem is most likely present?
What is visual dependence?
A patient demonstrates excellent performance in therapy but struggles at home because of poor family support and environmental barriers. Which ICF category best explains this difference?
What are Contextual Factors (Environmental Factors)?
Why must the knee flex to achieve full hip flexion ROM?
To reduce hamstring tension and avoid passive insufficiency.
A patient demonstrates joint adhesions and osteophyte formation causing severe ROM loss. What type of contracture does this represent?
What is an Arthrogenic Contracture?
A patient lacks shoulder abduction. Which glenohumeral glide is indicated?
What is an inferior (caudal) glide?
A volleyball player requires shoulder stabilization before returning to play. Which piece of equipment is most appropriate?
What is the Bodyblade®?
A patient with multiple sclerosis should generally exercise in what water temperature range?
What is 26-30°C (79-86°F)?
A patient demonstrates delayed anticipatory postural adjustments when reaching and lifting objects. What population commonly demonstrates this deficit?
Who are older adults?
A therapist chooses blocked practice for a new transfer task and random practice later in rehabilitation. Why?
Blocked practice improves early skill acquisition, while random practice improves retention and transfer of learning.
A patient experiences increased pain while using shoulder pulleys at home. Analyze the likely cause.
Improper pulley mechanics may be compressing the humerus against the acromion.
Why is slow stretching preferred over ballistic stretching in rehabilitation?
Because it minimizes stretch reflex activity, improves tissue compliance, and reduces injury risk.
A patient with increasing swelling and joint effusion presents for treatment. Why are stretching mobilizations contraindicated?
What is because ROM loss is caused by fluid and pain rather than tissue tightness?
Strength gains during the first 4-8 weeks of training occur primarily because of this adaptation.
What are neural adaptations?
Explain why a patient with CAD may develop symptoms sooner during arm ergometry than treadmill walking.
What is arm exercise produces greater myocardial oxygen demand and cardiovascular stress?
A patient demonstrates recurrent falls, lower-extremity weakness, impaired balance confidence, and fear of falling. What type of intervention approach is most appropriate?
What is a multisystem balance training program?
A sedentary patient with obesity and hypertension states, "I know I should exercise, but I'm not ready to start." Which stage of change is MOST likely?
What is Contemplation?
CPM is commonly used postoperatively. Current evidence suggests routine CPM after total knee arthroplasty is:
What is generally not supported by evidence?
A therapist gains 15° of hamstring flexibility during treatment, but the patient loses the motion by the next visit. What was most likely missing from the treatment plan?
Functional use and strengthening within the newly gained ROM.
Analyze why translatoric joint glides are preferred over passive angular stretching when restoring capsule mobility.
What is they reproduce normal arthrokinematics while minimizing joint compression?
A patient repeatedly holds their breath during heavy lifting. Evaluate the risk.
What is a Valsalva maneuver causing excessive increases in blood pressure?
A patient immersed to neck level bears approximately this percentage of body weight.
What is 6-10%?
During a balance examination, a patient becomes unstable when performing two tasks simultaneously (walking while talking). What impairment is being demonstrated?
What is dual-task interference?
Design one intervention strategy that would simultaneously improve exercise adherence and support long-term wellness behavior change.
Examples may include collaborative goal setting, exercise logs, motivational interviewing, family involvement, or individualized programs. (Judged response)
Design a progression of early mobility for a critically ill patient from initial movement through ambulation.
AROM → Sitting → Standing → Walking
Create a treatment strategy for a patient with chronic hamstring tightness using principles from the chapter.
Should include:
Create a complete intervention sequence for a patient with shoulder hypomobility using mobilization principles.
Evaluation → pain assessment → Grade II distraction → reassess → Grade III glides → active ROM → strengthening → functional training.
Design a resistance training program for an older adult with lower-extremity weakness and fall risk.
Should include FITT principles, closed-chain strengthening, balance training, progressive overload, functional task practice, and adequate recovery.
Create an aquatic exercise program for a patient following knee replacement with partial weight-bearing restrictions and deconditioning.
Should include:
Design a treatment plan for an older adult with:
A successful plan would include: