Diabetes Insipidus
What are symptoms of DI?
the 3 p's: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
rationale: this is the main presentation or most known, some other symptoms are fatigue, skin tenting, dry mucus membranes, weak peripheral pulses, hypotension and tachycardia
what are the symptoms of SIADH?
edema, weight gain, tachycardia, HTN, crackles in lungs, distended neck veins, headache, confusion, N/V/D
What is the main cause of DI?
a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
rationale: it is caused by defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, infection, brain tumors, head trauma, kidney damage or adverse medication effects
what is the main cause of SIADH?
an excessive release of ADH
can be caused by: tumors, head injury, meningitis, stroke, TB
It reduces the ability of the kidneys to collect and concentrate the urine
how is SIADH diagnosed?
serum and urine, electrolytes, osmolarity, and urine specific gravity
How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed?
Through serum and urine electrolytes, osmolarity and urine specific gravity
What are some nursing considerations for SIADH?
daily weights, fluid restriction, monitor VS and labs
what are some nursing considerations for DI?
mouth care, daily weights, monitoring I/Os, VS and labs
rationale: most of these interventions are aimed at identifying and preventing dehydration, hypovolemia and hypernatremia
How should nurses treat hyponatremia associated with SIADH?
diuretics, seizure precautions, reduce environmental stimuli, hypertonic sodium chloride solution for severe hyponatremia