Macromolecules 1
What elements make up Lipids?
carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
What is/are the monomer(s) of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Name the macro: Quick Energy, Structural Support, Storage
Carbohydrates
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
protein
What is Activation energy?
The minimum energy needed to start the chemical reactions.
What is different about the elements of lipids and carbohydrates?
Carbs are in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What is/are the monomer(s) of lipids?
Fatty Acid & Glycerol (No true monomer)
Name the macro: Structure, Transport, Enzymes
Protein
What do enzymes do?
It speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy
What 2 things can denature an enzyme?
temperature and pH
What elements make up nucleic acids?
C, H, O, N, P
What are the monomers of Nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Name the macro: Energy (ATP), Protein synthesis, Storage & Transport of Information
Nucleic Acids
What do we call the place where substrate binds to the enzyme?
Active Site
What is denaturation?
Changing the shape of the enzyme
What elements make up proteins?
C, H, O, N, (S)
What is/are the monomer(s) of proteins?
Amino Acids
Name the Macro: Energy storage, cell membrane structure, insulation/protection
Lipids
Why is an enzyme complex always compared to a "lock and key"?
There is only one type of key that will fit into a lock, as there is only one type of substrate that will fit into the active site of an enzyme.
What happens over time as substrate concentration increases, while enzyme concentration is kept constant?
It plateaus; Enzymes become saturated
Why is sulfur only included in some (not all) proteins?
Sulfur is a part of the "R"/ Functional Group of amino acids. It is only included in 2/20 amino acids, so, if the protein doesn't have those amino acids, it will not have sulfur.
Why aren't lipids true polymers?
True polymers are built from alternating subunits. For example: monosaccharide-bond-monosaccharide-bond....
Lipids don't work this way. The closest thing to a polymer is a triglyceride, so we call the monomers of lipids the breakdown of them (fatty acids & glycerol).
Name the macro: Monomers consist of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleic Acids
What are the 2 types of inhibition?
Competitive & Allosteric
What suffix is most commonly associated with enzymes?
-ase