cognitive development
The belief that inanimate objects have feelings or thoughts
what is animism
According to Erikson, a child developing confidence through mastering new skills is in this stage
what is industry vs. inferiority
The process by which the brain strengthens frequently used connections and eliminates unused ones.
what is use it or lost it
This psychologist proposed the four identity statuses: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement.
who is james marcia
A parent who says, “Because I said so,” without explanation is using this parenting style
what is authoritarian parenting
This Piagetian concept explains why a preschooler thinks the moon follows them.
what is egocentrism
This identity status involves active exploration but no commitment yet.
what is moratorium
An increasing trend in earlier puberty across generations is called this.
what is the secular trend
A teenager who unquestioningly adopts their parents’ values is in this identity status.
what is foreclosure
Parents who set few rules and let their children do as they please are demonstrating this parenting style.
what is permissive parenting
This brain region is responsible for impulse control and planning.
what is the prefrontal cortex
A parent who provides warmth, rules, and explanations follows this parenting style.
what is authoritative
This part of the brain is responsible for processing emotions and develops faster than the prefrontal cortex in adolescence.
what is the amygdala
A successful resolution of Erikson’s identity vs. role confusion stage leads to this outcome.
A parent who checks their teenager’s social media and discusses online safety is practicing this
what is parental monitoring
A child’s ability to understand that the amount of liquid remains the same despite a change in container shape.
what is conservation
The tendency for adolescents to form friendships with people similar to themselves.
what is homophily
Teenagers engage in risk-taking behavior partly due to this neurotransmitter’s role in reward-seeking
what is dopamine
Common in younger adolescents, someone is not exploring nor committing to an identity currently.
what is identity diffusion
A child raised by neglectful parents is likely to experience this kind of emotional development.
what is a lack of attachment, lack of security
This theory states that learning occurs best when a child is given help just beyond their current ability level
what is the zone of proximal development
This psychological test examines a child’s ability to delay gratification.
what is the marshmallow test
This phenomenon refers to the inability of adults to recall memories from the first few years of life, typically before the age of 3 to 4.
what is infantile amnesia
A child who struggles with self-doubt and avoids challenges may not have successfully resolved this earlier Eriksonian stage
what is industry vs. inferiority
This term describes when parenting style is high in both warmth and expectation
what is authoritative