A
This is the recommended timing for IV antibiotics to reduce the risk of surgical site infection.
within 1 hour before incision
True or false: symptoms of a fat embolism can occur up to a week after initial injury.
True - onset of symptoms is rapid, typically within 24 to 72 hours of injury, but may occur up to a week after injury
A fracture in which the skin is broken, increasing infection risk.
Open fracture
This is a complication that may occur if elevated ICP is not addressed.
Increased ICP from any cause decreases cerebral perfusion, stimulates further edema (swelling), and may shift brain tissue, resulting in herniation
There are 4 categories of hypersensitivity reactions - which category is anaphylaxis?
Type I - anaphylactic hypersensitivity
Cervical examination is avoided in a patient experiencing this condition, which typically occurs during the last two trimesters of pregnancy
placenta previa
This medication is used to treat malignant hyperthermia.
dantrolene
Define melena.
Black, tarry stools caused by digested blood.
This drug is used with pre-term labor and promotes fetal lung maturity by stimulating surfactant production
betamethasone
If conservative measures do not restore tissue perfusion and relieve pain, this surgical procedure is considered the definitive treatment for acute compartment syndrome.
fasciotomy
This is a 4-part management approach for soft‑tissue injuries
RICE - rest, ice, compression, elevation
This is the basic diagnostic criteria someone would display to be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder.
at least one manic episode or mixed episode and a depressive episode have to occur
A mother asks what age her infant should start receiving annual flu vaccines - what age does the nurse tell her?
The CDC recommends annual flu vaccines for everyone 6 months and older
High levels of total serum bilirubin may put an infant at risk for this.
Neurotoxicity + bilirubin-induced neurologic disorders (BINDs)
List at least three behaviors that would alert the nurse that a patient should be considered at high risk for suicide.
evidence or expression of a suicide plan, writing or talking about suicide/death, seeking or access to means (pills, firearms, etc.), hopelessness, anxiety, agitation, reckless behavior, feeling "trapped" or purposeless, increasing or excessive substance use, social withdrawal, abnormal sleep patterns, dramatic mood changes
A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure can be used in treatment of this condition.
TIPS procedure - indicated for the treatment of acute uncontrolled variceal bleeding refractory to pharmacologic or endoscopic therapy
Define gestational hypertension.
Gestational hypertension is characterized by hypertension (higher than 140/90 mm Hg) in a previously normotensive patient without proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation resolving by 12 weeks’ postpartum
CAD can cause MI - name three factors that increase risk for this
Family history, increasing age, gender, race, hyperlipidemia, HTN, tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity, chronic inflammatory conditions, diabetes, CKD, history of premature menopause or preeclampsia
Name a medical or surgical intervention the nurse may expect to see in treatment of a patient with unstable pulmonary embolism
Thrombolytic therapy (t-PA or other agents such as reteplase) or surgical embolectomy
These are the classic manifestations of placental abruption
dark red vaginal bleeding (but may also be concealed), “knifelike” abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, contractions, decreased fetal movement
In prolonged (>24 hours) cases of PROM, the birthing parent’s risk for this complication increases the longer the time since the amniotic sac ruptured.
Infection - chorioamnionitis, endometritis, sepsis, and neonatal infections
List five risk factors for gallbladder disease - think the five "F's"!
Forty (over forty)
Fatty Foods (high cholesterol)
Fetus (pregnancy)
Female
Fat (obesity)
List three interventions you would perform for a patient hospitalized with severe preeclampsia
Place patient in left lateral lying position, keep room dim and quiet, maintain seizure precautions, administer medications (magnesium, etc.) as ordered in collaboration with provider
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on the fulfillment of at least two out of the three following criteria - name these 3 criteria
History upper abdominal pain, serum amylase or lipase levels > three times upper normal limit, or typical findings on imaging (CT, MRI, or US).
This may occur after prolonged anesthesia, when the tongue and jaw fall backward and obstruct the airway.
hypopharyngeal obstruction