Vocab
To train and domesticate animals to be useful to humans
What Is Domestication?
The Sumerians created the world’s first civilization. They are famous for so many “firsts” in early Mesopotamia.
Who are the Sumerians?
Babylonians were the first to build massive double and triple walls around their city. This gave Babylon protection from other states and people who were jealous or resentful.
Why did Babylon use these big walls around their city?
The Assyrians developed the world’s first major empire.
What made the assyrian's major empire?
High priest, kings, nobles, and government officials.
What are the higher social classes?
the business of farming, growing crops, and raising animals
What Is Agriculture?
One original invention that helped Sumerian city-states to fight one another was the wagon — a structure with wheels.
How did Sumerians fight wars?
Some of Babylonia’s wealth came from conquering its neighbors.
How did Babylonians gain their wealth?
Eventually, starting around 900 BCE, Assyrian kings began conquering their neighbors and controlling their lands.
Where did the assyrian empire start invading?
Merchants, Farmers, and fishers.
What are the middle classes?
a large area of land where multiple groups of people are ruled by the same laws and government
What is Empire?
The Mesopotamian soldiers captured in war were some of the first enslaved people in ancient history.
What happened to fallen soldiers?
The first large settlement
What is a metropolis?
What made it possible for Assyria’s leaders to form a giant empire? They were the first in the world to make weapons and body protection from iron. Iron is a strong and heavy metal. Iron weapons helped them conquer other armies.
What made this empire big?
servers, Laborers, and peasants.
What were the lower classes?
the geographic area in between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, also known as the “land between two rivers”
What Is Mesopotamia?
They most likely fought over crops, animals and land.
What is the reason the Sumerians were Fighting?
This ancient city of Babylon (today in the modern nation of Iraq)
Where is Babylon located now?
One benefit of the empire (for some people) was better trade. The conquered states and people had to make regular payments to the Assyrians. The Assyrians built long roads for their soldiers and tax collectors to move around; these also helped the economy grow.
What made the economy grow?
Kings, and priest used Hammurabi's code to enforce laws.
Why did they use Hammurabi's code?
the two largest rivers in Southwest Asia that reaches from the mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf.
What is the Tigris and Euphrates river?
One theory is that Mesopotamian states fought over crops, animals, or land.
Why were they fighting?
One of the early and powerful Babylonian kings had a creative idea to build power. Historians believe that King Hammurabi was the first leader to write a code of laws for an empire and post them where everyone could see them.
What was the reason Babylonia had Laws?
But historians do wonder if the conquered people questioned the empire’s fairness.
Are Assyrian's fair?
Why did Priest do human sacrifices?