Explicit vs. Implicit Memories (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 215)
What type of memory involves facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare?
A: Implicit Memories
B: Explicit / Declarative Memories
C: Sensory Memories
D: Factual Memorization
Explicit / declarative memories
What is a type of information we automatically process?
A: Space
B: Time
C: Frequency
D: All of the Above
Space / time / frequency
Iconic memory relates to which sense?
A: Taste
B: Smell
C: Touch
D: Vision
Vision
According to Miller, how many items can short-term memory hold? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 216)
A: About three (±1)
B: Only 1, everything else is long term memory
C: Over 100
D: About seven (±2)
About seven (±2)
Chunking organizes information into what? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 218)
A: Meaningful units
B. Numbered lists
C. Sensory images
D. None of the above
Meaningful Lists
What type of processing produces implicit memories?
A: Automatic Processing
B: Parallel Processing
C: Deep Processing
D: Explicit Processing
Automatic Processing
What type of memory includes automatic skills like riding a bike?
A: Procedural/Implicit Memory
B: Declarative/Explicit Memory
C: Automatic Processing
D: Color Theory
Procedural / implicit memory
Echoic memory lasts about how long?
A: 6-7 Seconds
B: 9-10 Seconds
C: 8 Seconds
D: 3-4 Seconds
3-4 Seconds
Short-term memory lasts only if there is _________.
(Meyers et al., 2024, p. 217)
A: Subliminal processing
B: Active processing
C: Constant recall
D: Concerted effort
This type of memory device uses vivid mental imagery (patterns of letters, ideas, or associations). (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 219)
A: Algorithms
B: Mnemonics
C: Perceptual set
D: Grouping
Mnuemonics
How many information-processing tracks does the brain have?
A: Three – the spinal cord, Optical nerve, and auditory track
B: One – the frontal lobe
C: Two – effortful and automatic
D: One – the hippocampus
Two - Effortful and Automatic
Automatic associations among stimuli form through what process?
A: Physical Conditioning
B: Automatic Conditioning
C: Auto-Stim
D: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
In Sperling’s experiment, how long were the letters shown?
A: 0.05
A: 0.05 Seconds
B: 1 Second
C: 0.5 Seconds
D: 2 Seconds
After how many seconds did people forget letter groups in the Peterson study? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 217)
A: 5 seconds
B: 12 seconds
C: 20 seconds
D:1 minute
12 Seconds
Spacing studying out over time improves long-term memory. What is this called? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 219)
A: Memorization Effect
B: Studying Effect
C: Distributive Practice effect
D: The spacing effect
The Spacing effect
Which track handles deliberate, conscious learning like studying?
A: Relative Consciousness
B: Effortful Processing (Explicit Track)
C: Effortful Processing (Implicit Track)
D: Visual Track
Effortful Processing (Explicit Track)
Automatic processing occurs without what?
A: Auditory Stimulus
B: Awareness
C: Explicit Memory
D: Implicit Memory
Awareness
What allowed participants to recall specific rows of letters in Sperling’s study?
A: A Timer
B: a Cue Tone
C: Practicing
D: They were not able to Recall the letters
A Cue Tone
What major factor affects working-memory capacity? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 217)
A: Age
B: Physical fitness
C: Environmental factors like nutrition
D: Working-memory capacity is the same throughout life
Age
Why is the testing effect so effective? (Meyers et al., 2024, p. 220)
A: It strengthens memory through active retrieval as it forces you to engage with the material, ultimately enhancing long term memory.
B: It reduces the need for studying.
C: It increases activity in the occipital lobe, improving long-term retention.
D: The testing effect is not effective.
A: it strengthens memory through active retrieval as it forces you to engage with the material, ultimately enhancing long term memory.