Structures of an Atom
Negatively charged particles
Electrons
Equals the amount of ionizing radiation that ionizes 1 cubic centimeter of air
roentgen (R)
This determines the quality or penetrating power of the central beam.
Kilovoltage (kV)
The degree of darkness on an image.
Density
True or False: Modern x-ray machines use very high doses of radiation.
False
Positively charged particles
Protons
One one-thousandth (1/1,000) of an R.
milliroentgen
This determines the quantity or amount of electrons.
Time between direct exposure and the development of biological effects (or symptoms).
Latent Period
Only this percentage of kinetic energy created during the x-ray process is converted to useful x-rays.
1%
Particles with no charge
Neutrons
The amount of ionizing radiation absorbed in a substance.
Radiation absorbed dose (rad) or Gray (GY)
The small spot on the tungsten target where the electrons hit is called this.
Focal spot
What are the patient's responsibilities to the safety & precautions of using radiography equipment?
Notifying the office of any changes in health history.
Filtration of this amount of aluminum is required and built into the head of all x-ray machines operating at a kV higher than 70.
2.5 mm
Center of an atom; composed of protons, neutrons & subatomic particles
Nucleus
Measurement used to compare the biological effects on various tissues irradiated by different forms of energy.
Relative biological effectiveness (rbe)
The most common settings for Kilovoltage.
70-90 kV
What are characteristics of a radiosensitive cell?
- Immature
- Rapidly divide
- Do not perform specialized tasks
When dealing with the collimator, the x-ray beam size cannot exceed this many inches in diameter.
2.75 inches
Examples include: hadrons, leptons & quarks
Subatomic particles
The dose at which body tissues are exposed, measured in terms of estimated biological effects in relation to an exposure dose of 1 R of "x" gamma radiation.
Roentgen equivalent man (rem) or Sievert (Sv)
The most common settings for Milliamperage.
10-15 mA (newer units 6-8 mA)
A radiograph that is placed inside the oral cavity.
Intraoral radiograph
The maximum permissible dose calls for the dose limit of occupational exposure to be at this amount per year.
0.05 Sv or 5.0 rems