The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves
The height, or this, of sound waves determines their perceived loudness.
What is amplitude?
the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes)
What are the ossicles, or three tiny bones in the middle ear?
the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.
What is place theory?
pressure, warmth, cold, and pain.
What are the four distinct skin sensations?
our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body arts
What is kinesthesia?
______________________decibels represents the absolute threshold for hearing.
What is zero decibels?
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses.
What is the cochlea?
the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
What is frequency theory?
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
What is the gate control theory of pain?
our sense of body movement and position that enables our sense of balance.
What is the vestibular sense?
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second).
What is frequency?
hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve deafness.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Another name for "three dimensional" hearing
What is stereophonic hearing?
sense of taste
the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.
What is sensory interaction?
a tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency.
What is pitch?
Since the early 1990s, teen hearing loss has risen by a third and now affects _______ in 5 teens
What is 1 in 5?
The sense or act of hearing
What is audition?
sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami
the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.
What is embodied cognition?
____________________ waves have low frequency—and low pitch; _______________________ waves have high frequency—and high pitch.
What are long and short waves?
a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
What is a cochlear implant?
your brain interprets loudness from the number of these tiny things in the inner ear
What are hair cells activated by sound waves?
olfaction
What is the sense of smell?
phantom limb sensations
What is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached?