PULMONARY
SODIUM
RHEUMATOLOGY
CIRRHOSIS
ACID-BASE/DIURESIS
100
This PFT finding is diagnostic of COPD.
What is an FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7?
100
ADH acts on this region of the nephron.
What is the collecting duct?
100
The limited form of systemic sclerosis is also referred to as ________.
What is CREST syndrome?
100
To prevent post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction, you should administer 6-8g of this fluid for every liter of ascites removed during a large volume paracentesis.
What is albumin?
100
A patient is on furosemide 40mg at home and presents with decompensated heart failure. You should diurese them with this IV diuretic dose.
What is IV Lasix 40mg?
200
Patients in Group E should be treated with this inhaler regimen.
What is LABA/LAMA?
200
Name two possible causes for the following lab pattern: serum Na 120, serum Osm 240, urine Osm 90.
What is: primary polydipsia, beer potomania, tea and toast diet?
200
This medium-vessel vasculitis is associated with chronic hepatitis B infection.
What is polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)?
200
These are the 4 specific laboratory components used to calculate the modern MELD-Na score.
What are INR, bilirubin, Cr and Na?
200
A patient presents with a pH of 7.50, PaCO2 of 48, and HCO3 of 35. This is the primary acid-base diagnosis.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
300
This disease produces this flow-volume loop:
What is COPD?
300
These are the 3 key determinants of serum osmolality.
What is sodium, glucose and BUN?
(1.86*Na+) + (glu/18) + (BUN/2.8)
300
These antibodies are associated with neonatal lupus and congenital heart block.
What are anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB)?
300
These antibodies help confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.
What is antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA)?
300
This is the site of action for loop diuretics like furosemide or bumetanide (be precise).
What is the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
400
This cholinergic agonist can be used to provoke bronchoconstriction and confirm an asthma diagnosis.
What is methacholine?
400
If hyponatremia is suspected to be chronic, the serum sodium should be raised by this amount in 24 hours.
What is 4 to 6 mEq / 24 h?
400
Name two chronic deformities associated with late-stage rheumatoid arthritis.
400
This syndrome consists of obstruction of the hepatic vein and can lead to liver failure.
What is Budd-Chiari syndrome?
400
This class of diuretics is often combined with loop diuretics to promote sequential nephron blockade (+ give 1 example).
What are thiazide diuretics (e.g. metolazone, Diuril/chlorothiazide)?
500
This radiographic pattern consists of bilateral, symmetric ground-glass opacities and corresponds with connective tissue disease-associated ILD.
What is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)?
500
This cancer is most strongly associated with a paraneoplastic SIADH.
What is small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?
500
Name this skin finding AND the associated disease.
What are Gottron's papules / dermatomyositis?
500
Name all indications for SBP prophylaxis.
Secondary ppx - after previous episode.
Primary ppx - ascitic total protein < 1.5.
Acute ppx - GI bleed.
500
Based on the lab findings below, what two disturbances are occurring simultaneously?
pH 7.35
Bicarb 15
AG 30
What is HAGMA + metabolic alkalosis?
e.g. patient with recent vomiting + DKA
e.g. patient with baseline COPD (with high baseline bicarb) + lactic acidosis