Muscular System
what function of muscles is responsible for maintaining posture by preventing unwanted movements?
Stability
Bonus: what are some other functions of the muscles?
what characteristic of the muscle enables it to recoil to a shorter length after it's been released from a stretch?
Elasticity
Bonus: how does that differ from extensibility?
what is the mechanism of muscle contraction called
sliding filament theory
what is myositis
muscle inflammation
According to the fascicle orientation, Pectoralis major is an example of what class of muscles?
Triangular muscles
Bonus: what about Deltoid and Biceps brachii
order the following from superficial to deep: epimysium, perimysium, fascia, endomysium.
Fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Bonus: what about from smallest to largest?
What happens at the neuromuscular junction?
Excitation
Bonus: what is responsible for the action potential?
Practice understanding processes with this
shocklike state following the massive crushing of muscles
crush syndrome
In this form of attachment, the muscle ends visibly short of its bony destination and is bridged by a tendon
Indirect attachment
Bonus: what about direct attachment?
what ion is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium
The thing created when a myosin head attaches to a binding site
cross-bridge
Bonus: what is a power stroke?
Disuse atrophy
reduction in size of muscle due to physical inactivity
arrange the following into muscles and their actions: Triceps brachii, biceps brachii, agonist (prime mover), synergist, rhomboids, antagonist, brachialis, fixator
Muscle Action
Brachialis Agonist
Biceps brachii Synergist
Triceps brachii Antagonist
Rhomboids Fixator
Bonus: Is the brachialis an intrinsic or extrinsic muscle?
classify the following under contractile and regulatory proteins: tropomyosin, myosin, actin, troponin
Contractile Regulatory
Myosin Tropomyosin
Actin Troponin
what is responsible for the relaxation of the muscle?
nerve signal stops -> ACh dissociates from receptor-> AChE breaks down ACh -> muscle stimulation ceases -> calcium is reabsorbed only into SR -> calcium dissociates from troponin -> tropomyosin blocks active sites on actin filament
Bonus: what is the protein that helps store calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
abnormal muscle shortening not caused by nervous stimulation
contracture
categorize the following based on their regions in the body (you can point to them on the muscle man or on your own body): buccinator, palatoglossus, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, thoracolumbar fascia, rectus abdominis, levator ani, boxer's muscle, sartorius, gastrocnemius, adductor hallucis
buccinator - cheek Bonus: Masseter
palatoglossus - soft palate & lateral tongue
zygomaticus major - jaw
orbicularis oculi - eye Bonus: occipitofrontalis
thoracolumbar fascia - lower back
rectus abdominis - lower abdomen Bonus: external oblique
levator ani - pelvic floor
boxer's muscle - anterior pectoral girdle Bonus: anatomical name
Sartorius - anterior thigh
gastrocnemius - posterior leg/calf Bonus: Soleus
adductor hallucis - foot
Label A to H
A - I band
B - A band
C - H band
D - Z disc
H - M line
F - Thick filament
G - Thin filament
put the following steps of the excitation-coupling and sliding filament theory in order:
(1) Binding of calcium to troponin -> (2) formation of myosin-actin cross bridge -> (3) binding of new ATP breaking of cross bridge -> (4) action potentials propagated down T tubules -> (5) shifting of tropomyosin; exposure of active sites on actin -> (6) power stroke; sliding of thin filament over thick filament -> (7) Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P; activation and cocking of myosin head -> (8) calcium released from terminal cisterns
(4) action potentials propagated down T tubules
(8) calcium released from terminal cisterns
(1) Binding of calcium to troponin
(5) shifting of tropomyosin; exposure of active sites on actin
(7) Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P; activation and cocking of myosin head
(2) formation of myosin-actin cross bridge
(6) power stroke; sliding of thin filament over thick filament
(3) binding of new ATP breaking of cross bridge
describe fibromyalgia
chronic pain of unknown cause, seeming to come from the muscles and bones but arises from abnormal processing of pain signals by the brain.
Bonus: what is Rigor mortis?