Diabetes
What are the 3 classic alliterative symptoms of hyperglycemia and what do they mean?
Polyphagia (excessive hunger), polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst)
This antiemetic is the best option for motion sickness induced nausea. It stimulates which pathway?
Scopolamine; Vestibular apparatus and muscarinic receptors
What are the 4 risk factors for Cholelithiasis?
Female, Forty, Fertile, Fat (Fabulous)
What are the 5 factors that affect Cardiac output?
Heart failure is diagnosed if ejection fraction falls below this value
a) 70
b) 50
c) 40
d) 25
c) 40
Which of the following is true regarding insulin glargine?
a) It is a long acting insulin
b) It has the longest peak of all insulins at 12 hours
c) It can be given insulin lispro in a combo insulin
d) It is a basal insulin
It is a basal insulin
Which 2 laxatives can be given at high does for bowel evacuation prior to surgery?
Which of the following is not a symptom of pancreatitis?
a) Pleural edema
b) Hypocalcemia
c) Severe pain in the upper right quadrant
d) Jaundice
c ) Pain is localized in the upper left quadrant
A blockage in this specific coronary artery is known as the widow maker as it has the highest mortality rate
LAD - left anterior descending
This type of heart failure is characterized by the ventricles inability to relax and fill properly due to poorly compliant ventricles. What happens to EF?
a) Systolic - Preserved
b) Diastolic - Preserved
c) Systolic - Reduced
d) Diastolic - Reduced
B) diastolic and preserved
The process of breaking down glycogen in the liver in to release glucose is called this. It will occur when which islet of Langerhans cells are also active?
a) glycogenolysis; alpha cells
b) glycogenolysis; beta cells
c) glycogenesis; alpha cells
d) glycogenesis; beta cells
A) Glycogenolysis + alpha cells (glucagon)
This antiemetic should not be given if a patient has an obstruction, GI bleed or perforation
Metoclopramide
Kupffer
Type of angina associated with the rupture of a stable plaque leading to partial occlusion by thrombus formation
a) Prinzmetal
b) Stable
c) Unstable
d) Vasospastic
C) Unstable
How does Hydralazine work (MOA) to help with heart failure
Acts on smooth muscle to dilate the arterioles / decrease afterload
Which medication needs to be used cautiously as it can cause renal retention of fluid that can progress to heart failure?
TZDs - Glitazones
This medication has a profound effect on gastric acid production. One single does can cause an irreversible decrease of 97% in 2 hours
Omeprazole - PPI
A patient with posthepatic jaundice will have which of the following manifestions:
a) Dark urine, pale feces, itchy skin
c) Dark urine, dark feces, itchy skin
d) Amber urine, fatty stools
e) Amber urine, pale stools
A - Dark urine, pale feces, itchy skin
This medication works to decrease LDL by binding bile acid within the GI tract
a) Atorvastatin
b) Colesevelem
c) Captopril
d) Isosorbide dinitrate
Colesevelem
Which medication for HF can help reduce cardiac remodelling?
a) Hydralazine
b) Losartan
c) Furosemide
d) Digoxin
B - Losartan
Which of the following medications has weight gain as a side effect?
a) Metformin
b) Gliclazide
c) Canagliflozin
d) Liraglutide
b) Gliclazide - all others help weight loss
Misoprostol
What is the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis
Hepatorenal syndrome
This medication works by decreasing decreasing HR and force of contraction, while also causing arteriole vasodilation. It is what class of medication
a) Verapamil - CCB
b) Captopril - ACE inhibitor
c) Metoprolol - BB
d) Nitro spray - Nitrate
A) Verapamil
a) Hypokalemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypernatremia
d) Hypocalcemia
A - Hypokalemia