Blood
Lymphocytes and monocytes.
What are the two types of agranulocye?
Saddle, plane, pivot, condylar, ball-and-socket, and hinge.
What are the six types of synovial joint?
The long, thread-like cells of the muscle tissue.
The region in the spinal cord's gray matter that receives and processes sensory information, such as touch, pain, and temperature
Dorsal horn.
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
What are the main parts of the brain stem?
Less than 1% of the total blood volume, composed of platelets and white bloods.
What is the buffy coat?
The fundamental functional unit of compact bone, also known as the Haversian system. Contains blood vessels and nerves, and provides the strength and protection for bones.
What is an osteon?
Single, very long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations.
Which factors differentiate skeletal muscle from cardiac and smooth muscle?
The branch of the autonomic nervous system which is associated with increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and the inhibition of peristalsis.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
A group of hormones derived from cholesterol. Due to their non-polar nature, they are lipophilic and can cross the cell membrane without relying on a relay system.
What are steroid hormones?
Process induced by hypoxia, aiming to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
What is erythropoiesis?
Primarily composed of spongy bone with trabeculae and an open cancellous structure. Have joint associations and are capped in a layer of cartilage.
What are some traits of the epiphyses?
The contractile units of the myofibrils, containing the myofilaments.
What are sarcomeres?
The rapid travel of electrical impulses along myelinated axons, where the impulse 'jumps' from one Node of Ranvier to the next.
What is saltatory conduction?
Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain ions or critical minerals.
Define humoral stimulus.
A type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system, helping to fight parasites and allergens and involved in allergic reactions and inflammation
What are eosinophils?
It is released when blood calcium levels are low and stimulates increased osteoclast activity and reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys.
What is the role of parathyroid hormone?
The dark bands of the myofibril, representing sections containing myosin (possibly overlapped with actin).
What are the A Bands?
The resting state of the cell where there is a difference in potential across the cell membrane.
What is a "polarised" cell membrane?
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone and cortisol.
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?
The stem cell in the bone marrow that can develop into any type of blood cell, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is a haemocytoblasts?
Channels in the bone that run perpendicularly to the central canals. Also known as perforating canals?
What are Volkmann's canals?
The ion is responsible for "unlocking" of the actin binding sites, enabling cross-bridge formation.
What is the role of calcium in cross-bridge formation (sliding filament model)?
Form part of the blood-brain barrier (by placing their feet around capillaries to regulate diffusion).
What is the role of astrocytes?
The hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
Glucagon